Templars. 1119-1312. Founded by Baldwin II and 9 knights in the Holy Land to protect pilgrims. Created International banking system, 9,000 commanderies, and owned 1/4 of Paris when dissolved by Philip IV, 1307; and Edward II, 1308. Council of Vienne.

Ten Commandments. Decalogue. Laws God gave Moses on stone tablets. Fundamental to Judaism/Christianity/Islam. No other gods, idols, swearing. Remember the sabbath. Honor parents. Do not kill, commit adultery, steal, bear false witness, covet.

Tencin, Claudine de. 1682-1749. French writer. Influential patron.

Tennis. 12C French game. 1870 English invent lawn tennis. 1877 First Wimbledon.

Tennis Court Oath. 1789. French Third Estate vows to obtain constitution. Declaration of authority of National Assembly.

Tennyson, Alfred, Lord. 1809-92. English poet laureate. Charge of the Light Brigade 1855. Enoch Arden 1864. Crossing the Bar.

Tenochtitlan. 1325-1521 Aztec capital, on site of Mexico City.

Tenzig Norgay. c1914-86. Sherpa. Climbed Everest with Hillary, 1953.

Tenzin Gyatso. 1935-. 14th Dalai Lama 1940-. In exile 1959-.

Teotihuacan. c400BC-900 AD. Largest pre-Columbian city of central Mexico. Sacked by Toltecs.

Teresa, Mother. 1910-97. Macedonian founder of Missionaries of Charity, 1948.

Terrorism. Zealots. Cagoulards. Baader-Meinhof. Irish Republican Army. Hamas. PLO. Osama. Taliban. al-Qaeda.

Teschen Dispute. 1919. Poland, Czechoslovakia battle over industrial, coal-mining territory.

Tesla, Nikola. 1856-1943. Croatian/US physicist: high voltage electricity. Rotating magnetic field.

Test Act. 1673-1828. Banned Catholics and Non-conformists from English public office. 1567-1889 Scotland.

Teutonic Knights. c1190-1809. Military Germanic order to treat wounded crusaders. 13-14C Empire over Prussia, Estonia, Latvia. Tannenberg.

Texas. 16C Spanish explore. 1685 French settle. 1716 Spanish settle. 1821 Mexico. 1836 Independent republic. Alamo. 1845 US state. Mexican War. 1860-69 Confederacy.

Thailand. c1220 Kingdom. 1350 Ayutthaya dynasty. 1584 Independent = Siam. 1767 Burma invades. 1782 Chakkri dynasty. 1893 East ceded to France. 1932 Coup, Constitutional Monarchy. 1939 = Thailand. 1941-45 Japanese occupy. Military coups 1957,58,63,71,73,76,81.

Thales. c624-546BC. Greek philosopher/scientist. Predicted eclipse, 585. First to enunciate the existence of natural laws of science. Water as basis of all matter. Critical discussion leads to knowledge. Static electricity.

Thalidomide. 1958-62. German/British sedative with disastrous effects on embryo development. Led to drug regulatory agencies worldwide.

Thatcher, Margaret. 1925-. Britain’s first woman Prime Minister 1979-. Conservative. Monetarist. Falklands War.

Thaw, the. 1954-7. Relaxed government control on Soviet literature.

Theiler, Max. 1899-1972. South African/US scientist. Yellow fever vaccine.

Themistocles. c523-460BC. Athenian archon, naval leader 493-480BC. Defeated Persians at Salamis, 480. Rebuilt Acropolis. Started Piraeus harbour.

Theodore Studites, St. 759-826. Led iconoclasm opposition.

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