Rodin, Auguste. 1840-1917. French sculptor: Thinker 1879-89. Balzac. Beethoven. Kiss 1886. Burghers of Calais 1884-6. Gates of Hell.

Rœntgen, Konrad. 1845-1923. German physicist, discovered X-rays 1895.

Rohan, Prince de. 1734-1803. French cardinal duped in Diamond Necklace Affair.

Roland. -778. Count of Brittany. Officer of Charlemagne, immortalized in song by Turold, c1100.

Roland de la Platière, Jean. 1734-93. Moderate French revolutionary leader. Fled Terror.

Roland de la Platière, Jeanne. 1754-93. French wife of Jean. Held revolutionary salons. Executed.

Rolland, Romain. 1866-1944. French writer Jean Christophe 1904-46.

Roman Question. 1861-1929. Italy vs Papacy over control of Rome. Lateran Treaty.

Romance Languages. European languages deriving from Latin.

Romanesque Architecture. 4-15C. Barrel vault. Plain. Massive piers. Masonry vaulting. Blend of Byzantine and Roman influences. Gothic.

Romania. Balkans. Dacia. 15C Ottoman. 1859 Moldavia+Walachia. 1878 Independent. 1918 + Bessarabia, Transylvania. 1940 -Bessarabia. 1947 People’s Republic. 1955 Warsaw Pact. 1989 Revolt. Ceausescu overthrown.

Romansh. Romance language spoken in Grison Canton of Switzerland. “National” language 1938-.

Romantic. Art. Expression of emotion more important than form or reality. Delacroix. Turner.

Romany. Indo-European language of Gypsies. No written form.

Rømer, Olaus. 1644-1710. Danish astronomer. Proved finite speed of light 1676.

Romulus Augustulus. Last Roman Emperor of the West 475-6.

Roncesvalles, Battle. 778. Charlemagne ambushed in Pyrenees. Basis for Song of Roland.

R101. 1930. British airship, world’s largest, crashed in France.

Ronsard, Pierre de. 1524-85. French Pléiade poet. Odes 1550. Amours 1552. Franciade 1572.

Roosevelt, Eleanor. 1884-1962. US beloved First Lady. UN delegate 1945-61.

Roosevelt, Theodore. 1858-1919. US president 1901-9 after McKinley assassination. Founded Bull Moose Party 1912. Led Rough Riders. Panama Canal Zone.

Root, Elihu. 1845-1937. US internationalist statesman. Agreements with Japan, Britain, Latin America. Disarmament Conference.

Roses, War of. 1455-85. York (white) vs Lancaster (red) for English throne. Lancaster rule ended. Henry VII (Tudor/Lancaster) married Elizabeth (York). Bosworth Field. Plantagenet.

Rosicrucians. 17C- Society claiming ancient mystical knowledge. Rosenkreuz.

Ross, Betsy. 1752-1836. Seamstress. Traditional maker of first US flag.

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