Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. 1848-53. British painters vs Royal Academy. Advocated return to simple classical naturalism. Painted with bright colors on white vs dark tones of the time. Rossetti. Millais. Hunt.

Preemption Act. 1841-91. US law allowed squatters on government land to buy 160 acres. Homestead.

Pressburg, Treaty. 1805. Austria loses in Napoleonic Wars. Cedes land to France.

Prester John. Legendary Christian ruler of vast lands in Africa or Asia.

Preston, Battle. 1648. Cromwell defeats Charles I last forces in English Civil War.

Priam. Last king of Troy. Father of Paris, Hector.

Price, Harry. 1881-1948. Famous British medium debunker. Wrote about the most haunted house in England, but faked it.

Priestley, Joseph. 1733-1804. English chemist: isolated Oxygen 1774, 9 other gasses.

Prim y Prats, Juan. 1814-70. Spanish. Helped overthrow Isabella 1868.

Prince Rupert’s Land. Hudson Bay drainage area, NW Territory.

Proclamation of 1763. Limited settlement west of Appalachians to appease Indians.

Proclus. 410-485. Greek Neoplatonist philosopher: opposed Christianity.

Proletariat. Marxist term for those who live by the sale of their labour. Bourgeoisie.

Prometheus. Titan who made man of clay and gave him life, stole fire from the gods for him. Chained to a rock to have an eagle eat his liver daily. Freed by Hercules.

Prophet, the. c1768-1834. Shawnee leader, Tecumseh’s brother. Blamed for Tippecanoe.

Protectionism. Levying of import duties to make domestic production more competitive. 1337 England. 1870s Germany creates Depression. 1930 US deepens Depression. List. Smoot-Hawley.

Protogenes. c300BC. Classical Greek painter.

Provisors, Statutes of. 1351, 1390. Limited pope’s power in England.

Prussia. 1226 Teutonic Knights. 1466 «Poland. 1525 Duchy of Poland. c1660 Independent. 1701 Kingdom. 1772-95 +NW Poland. 1871 Dominated German Empire. 1919 Weimar(W)/ Poland(E). 1933 Germany(W). Bismarck.

Przhevalsky, Nikolai. 1839-88. Russian explorer of Tibet, Mongolia.

Ptolemy. c140. Alexandrian. First cartographer. Promoted Hipparchus’ geocentric theory of solar system. Copernicus. Columbus studied his Geography.

Ptolemy XIV. c59-44BC. Last Macedonian king of Egypt 47-. Brother, co-ruler with Cleopatra.

Puccini, Giacomo. 1858-1924. Popular Italian naturalist opera composer: La Boheme 1896. Tosca 1900. Madame Butterfly 1904.

Puebla, Battles. 1862 Mexican guerillas humiliate French army. “Cinco de Mayo”. 1863 French victorious, Maximilian.

Pufendorf, Samuel von. 1632-94. German historian/jurist. Universal natural laws.

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