Pathet Lao. 1950-91. Laotian communists vs French rule in Indochina.

Paton, Alan. 1903-88. South African writer. Cry the Beloved Country 1948.

Patricians. -287BC. Roman upper class. Plebeians. Nobiles.

Patrick, St. c389-461. Patron saint of Ireland. Introduced monasticism. Converted Irish. Said to have invented Irish Whiskey 450.

Patriotic Front. 1973-9. Guerillas for black power in Rhodesia. Mugabe. Nkomo.

Paul I. 1754-1801. Russian Emperor. Reversed reforms, isolated Russia. Assassinated.

Pauli, Wolfgang. 1900-58. Austrian/US physicist. Exclusion Principle 1925. Neutrinos 1931.

Pauling, Linus. 1901-94. US biochemist/peace advocate. Chemical bonding.

Pausanius. Spartan. Drove Persians from Greece at Plataea, 479BC. Starved to death for plotting helot uprising.

Pavlov, Ivan. 1849-1936. Russian physiologist: discovered conditioned response.

Paxton, Joseph. 1801-65. English architect. Crystal Palace 1851.

Paz, Octavio. 1914-98. Mexican poet. La estacíon violenta. Labyrinth of Solitude 1950.

Pearson, Lester. 1897-1972. Canadian Prime Minister 1963-8. UN mediator in Palestine 1948, Suez 1956.

Peasants’ Crusade. 1096. Led by Walter the Penniless. Annihilated in Anatolia. Inspired First Crusade.

Pedro I. 1798-1834. First Emperor of Brazil 1822-31. Declared independence from Portugal. = Pedro IV of Portugal.

Pedro II. 1825-91. Last Emperor of Brazil 1831-89. Slavery abolished by Isabel as Princess Regent, 1888, led to overthrow.

Pedro V. 1837-61. Portugal. King 1853-. Ended slavery in territories 1858.

Peel, Robert. 1788-1850. English Prime Minister 1834~46. London police force 1829. Income Tax 1842. Founded Conservative Party. Bank Charter Act. Repealed Corn Laws 1846.

Pei, I.M. 1917-. Chinese/US architect. Kennedy Airport 1960. Place Ville-Marie. Louvre Pyramid.

Peipus, Battle of Lake. 1242. Russians repel Livonian Knights’ attack on Novgorod.

Peking, Treaty. 1860. China cedes coastal land to Russia.

Pelagius. c354-c425. Welsh monk. Held heretical view that God rewards the virtuous. Free will, no original sin vs Determinism. Pelagians.

Pemberton, John. 1831-88. US pharmacist. Coca Cola 1886.

Penal Laws. 16C-1829. English persecution of Catholics.

Peninsular Campaign. 1862. Failed Union attempt to take Richmond in American Civil War.

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