Obelisk. 3300 year old Luxor gift of Muhammad Ali to Charles X, 1829. Place de la Concorde, Paris.

Oberammergau. 1634- Passion play every ten years commemorates plague of 1633.

O’Brien, William. 1803-64. Irish revolutionary. 1848 Insurrection. Led Young Ireland. Banished.

Observatory, Paris. 1667-72. Claude Perrault. Dimensions of the solar system 1672, meridians of longitude. Sets Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

O’Casey, Sean. 1880-1964. Irish Realist playwright: Juno and the Paycock 1924. Plow and the Stars 1926.

Occitan. Langue d’Oc. Romance language of southern France. Dialects include Provençale, the language of the troubadours. Oil.

O’Connor, Rory. c1116-98. Last high king of Ireland 1166-75. Submitted to Henry II in Treaty of Windsor.

Octavia. 42-62. Claudius’ daughter, Nero’s wife. Executed by Nero.

Octavian. 63BC-14AD. 27BC Declared himself Emperor Augustus.

October Manifesto. 1905. Nicholas II response to Russian Revolution. If enacted would have created a consititutional monarchy. Octobrists.

Odeon. Athenian place of music and poetry competition. Parisian theater 1728.

Odets, Clifford. 1906-63. US playwright of social protest. Waiting for Lefty 1935. Golden Boy 1937.

Odin. King of Scandinavian gods who holds court in Valhalla.

O’Donnell, Leopoldo. 1809-67. Spanish general with Isabella II vs Carlists.

Oecolampadius, Johannes. 1482-1531. German Reformation theologian. Drafted Confession of Basel 1531.

Oehlenschläger, Adam. 1779-1850. Danish Romantic poet.

Offa. 755-796. King of Mercia 757-. Founded St. Alban’s abbey. Dee Dyke vs Welsh 785. Introduced coinage. Treaty with Charlemagne. Began unification of England.

Ogadai. 1185-1241. Mongol ruler 1229-41. Conquered China to Poland, Hungary.

Ohm, Georg. 1787-1854. German physicist: Laws of electric current, 1826.

Oil. Ancient language of N. France. Occitan.

Ojibwa. (Chippewa). North American Indians near Great Lakes. Supported French vs British in 7 Years War, British vs Americans in Revolution.

Olaf I. c963-1000. King of Norway 995-. Began conversion to Christianity.

Olaf II. c995-1030. 1015-28. Converted Norway. Patron Saint. First National legislation.

Olaf V. 1903-91 King of Norway 1957-. Commanded army vs Germany in 1944, then fled to England.

Old Catholics. 1870. Catholic sect vs papal infallibility. Joined Church of England 1931.

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