Iceland. 9C Irish discover. 870 Norway colonized. 930 Althing. 1262 Norway. 1380 Denmark 1904 Home rule. 1918 Sovereignty. 1944 Republic.

Iconoclasts. 726-843. Byzantines opposed use of images in Christian worship vs Iconophiles. Persecuted. Nicaea.

Idealism, Philosophical. Reality is a consciousness of abstract laws vs sensory-based Materialism.

Ignatius of Antioch, St. -c107. Syrian martyr. Clarified Catholic beliefs. -“Catholic Church”.

Iguala, Plan de. 1821. Stated 3 objectives of Mexican Independence movement. Ignored by issuer, Iturbide, when he became Emperor.

Ile de la Cité, Paris. Originally Lutetia 250BC. Renamed by Clovis, 506, when he made it his capital.

Ile St-Louis, Paris.1627-64. Classical style buildings.

Illyria. 6C BC Greek colony. NW Balkans. 1809 Kingdom of Illyria. 1814 Austria. Yugoslavia.

Imagists. 1912-. Poets eschew sentimentality for precision and imagery. Pound. Lawrence. Lowell.

Immaculate Conception. 1854. Established as RC dogma.

Immigration Laws. 1852. US bars Chinese. 1900 Japanese. 1921- set quotas by country of origin.

Imperialism. 19C European movement to expand control over larger territories.

Impressionism. 1867-86. European art movement named 1874 for Monet’s Impression Sunrise. Direct from nature with colors to render surfaces and lighting effects. Rejected primacy of subject. Renoir, Pissarro, Degas, Cezanne, Manet. Music: 1892-1910. Restraint and ambiguity. Mood music. Debussy.

Incunabula. Books printed before 1500. Caxton. Gutenberg.

Independence Day. Annual US holiday since July 4, 1776. Declaration of Independence.

Independent Labour Party. 1893. Britain. Founded by Hardie....Labour Party 1906.

India. North: c2500BC Indus valley civilization. c2000BC Aryans invade. 6C Achaemenid. 5C Persia. 326 Alexander(NW). c300 Maurya Empire. 2C BC Greek, Parthian, Kushan invade. 1C AD Kushan. c320 Gupta Empire. 6C Divided. 5-15C Huns, Arabs, Persians invade 12C Moslem. 1526 Mogul. South: 3000BC Dravidian civilization. 12-13C Rashtrakutas, Cholas. 14C Moslem inv. 15C Vijayanagar Empire. 1498 daGama discovers sea route. 18C British East India Co. 1858 British Empire. 1947 Independent. 1950 Republic.

India-Pakistan Wars. 1949. Splits Kashmir. 1965. India gains most of Rann of Kutch. 1971. Bangladesh Independence.

Indian Councils Act. 1909. British create an Indian representative legislature.

Indian Removal Act. 1830. US moves all Indians to Indian Territory.

Indian Territory. 1834. Originally all territory west of Mississippi. Later, reservations in Oklahoma.

Indonesia.16C Portuguse influence. 1602 Dutch East India Co. 1798 Netherlands(Java). 1811-16 Britishs occupy. 1910 Unified as Dutch colony. 1945 Independent. Java. Borneo. Bali. Sumatra.

Indulgence. 800 Pardon for sin in place of penance. Granted by church, 12C as reward to Crusaders. Sold by church, 1313-. Abuse by Leo X led to Reformation.

Indulgence, Declaration. 1662,72. Charles II grants toleration of Nonconformists. Voided by Parliament. 1687. James II suspends penal laws against Catholics causing Glorious Revolution.

Industrial Revolution. 1730-. Transformation from agricultural to urbanized manufacturing economy as a result of steam power. 1830 England, France. 1850 Germany. 1860 USA. Blanqui. Toynbee.

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