Grotius, Hugo. 1583-1645. Dutch jurist. Laws of War and Peace 1625.

Group of Seven. 1920-74. Canadian Impressionist painters. MacDonald, Harris, Lismer, Varley, Carmichael, Johnston, Jackson. Thomson 1913.

Grünewald, Matthias, St. -1528. German Late Gothic artist. Isenheim altarpiece c1510. Colors influenced Baroque Art.

Guarantees, Law of. 1871. Failed to define relationship between papacy and Italian government. Lateran Treaty, 1929.

Guatemala. Maya. 1523 Spain. 1822 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1839 Independent. Many Mayan revolts. 1954 CIA led coup. Military Dictatorship. 1980-96 Genocide. 1996 Peace.

Guillotin, Joseph. 1738-1814. Recommended guillotine 1792. Earlier used in Scotland, England.

Guinea. Fulani, Malinke, Soussou. 18C Moslem. 1882 French 1958 Independent.

Guinea-Bissau. 1446 Tristao discovers. 16-18C Slave source. 1879 Portuguese Guinea. 1974 Independent.

Guinevere. Wife of King Arthur, in love with Sir Lancelot.

Gustav IV. Adolf. 1778-1837. Swedish king 1792-1809. Lost Finland. Overthrown.

Guthrie, Woody. 1912-67. Populist US singer. This Land is Your Land.

Gwyn, Nell. 1650-87. English actress. Popular mistress of Charles II 1669-.

Gypsies. 16C-. Nomadic peoples with Romany language. Probable Indian origin.

Haakon IV. 1204-63. Norwegian king 1217-. Added Greenland and Iceland 1262. Patron of Arts.

Habeas Corpus Act. 1679. England. Right of prisoner to appear in court before being imprisoned.

Hadley, George. 1685-1768. English climatologist: explained trade winds.

Hadrian. 76-138. Roman Emperor 117-. Built wall across England 122-36, Aelius Bridge 134. Rebuilt Greek cities.

Hahn, Otto. 1879-1968. German discoverer of Uranium fission 1938.

Haig, Douglas. 1861-1928. British Commander-in-Chief France 1915-19. War of Attrition.

Haile Selassie. 1892-1975. Emperor of Ethiopia, 1930~74. Modernized and reformed country. Deposed.

Haiti. Arawak. 1492 Columbus discovers. 16-18C Slaves brought. 1697 Spain cedes to France 1804 Independent. 1915-34 US occupies. 1957-86 Duvalier dictators. 1994 US overthrow of military regime. 1972-2002 US returns refugee boat-people.

Hales, Stephen. 1677-1761. British. Isolated oxygen 1727. Blood pressure 1726.

Halifax, First Earl of. 1661-1715. English Whig statesman. Started National Debt. Established Bank of England. 1694.

Halley, Edmund. 1656-1742. English astronomer who explained comets 1705. First meteorological chart 1686.

Hals, Frans. c1580-1666. Dutch portrait painter: Laughing Cavalier 1624. Nurse and Child c1620.

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