Anne of Austria. 1601-66. Wife of Louis XIII. Founded Feuillantines, 1622; Val-de-Grâce, 1638. Regent for Louis XIV until he became of age.

Anselm, St. 1033-1109. Archbishop of Canterbury, founder of Scholasticism. Proved God exists 1078.

Antarctica. 1773 Cook explores seas. 1820 first sighted. Bransfield. 1821 first landing-Davis. 1911 Amundsen first to S Pole.

Anthony, Susan B. 1820-1906. US temperence, anti-slavery suffragette.

Anti-Corn Law League. 1839-46. Cobden and Bright’s pacifist movement for Free Trade, public education, against social reform and Chartists. Corn Laws.

Anti-Socialist Law. 1878-90. Germans ban unions.

Antigua. Carib. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1632 English settle. 18C slave trade. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1967 Self-government. 1981 Independent +Barbuda.

Antinomianism. 16C Belief that some Christians by special faith need not obey Old Testament moral laws.

Antonine Wall. 142. Scotland. North of Hadrian’s. Abandoned ~196. Antoninus.

ANZAC. Australian+New Zealand forces in WWI. Gallipoli.

Anzio, Battle. 1944. Allied landing site in Italy.

Apollinaire, Guillaume. 1880-1918. Italian/French avant-garde poet, coined term Surrealism to describe Chagall work.

Apollo Program. 1961-72. US moon mission. Apollo 11 landing 1969.

Apollonius of Perga. c262-190BC. Greek mathematician: named conic sections: ellipse, hyperbola, parabola.

Apostolic Constitutions. c380BC. Books of ecclesiastic law.

Appert, Nicolas. c1752-1841. French inventor of preservation by canning.

Appian Way. 312BC. Appius Claudius’ road from Rome to Brindisi.

Appleton, Edward. 1892-1965. English physicist: Appleton ionospheric layer.

Apprentices Statute. 1563-1814 England. 7 Years apprenticeship required for all trades.

April Theses. 1917. Lenin’s plan for Soviet takeover of state power from provisional government.

Aquila Ponticus. 2C. Translated Old Testament from Hebrew to Greek. Version adopted by Jews.

Arab-Israeli Wars. 1948-9. Palestinians flee to Arab countries. 1956. Israel captures Sinai, UN takes over. 1967. Six Day War. Israel defeats Egypt, Syria, Jordan, gains Jerusalem, Sinai, Golan,... 1973. Egypt, Syria attack = October War.

Arafat, Yasir. 1929-2004. Arab Fatah PLO leader. President of Palestinian Authority 1996-.

Aramaeans. Ancient Semitic people of Mesopotamia, Syria. Language widespread 10C-5C BC. Alphabet 720 BC.

Ararat, Mount. Noah’s Ark landing place. 9-7C BC.

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