Lycurgus. c390-324BC.Led short revival of Athens after Peloponnesian War.

Lysander. -395BC. Spartan admiral. Captured Athens 404BC. Ended Peloponnesian War.

MacDowell, Edward. 1860-1908. US piano composer. Symphonic poems. Saracens 1891.

Macedonian Wars. 214~148BC. 4 Wars vs Rome reduced Macedonia to Roman province.

Mad Parliament. 1258. Barons give financial aid to Henry III in exchange for reform. Oxford Provisions.

Madrid, Treaty. 1526. Charles V, Francis I truce in Italian Wars. 1670. Spain cedes Jamaica to Britain.

Magdeburg. 1631. German republic destroyed by Tilly in Thirty Years War.

Maine. 1898. US battleship destroyed at Havana. Excuse for Spanish American War.

Malplaquet, Battle. 1709. Marlborough defeats French in war of Spanish Succession.

Malta. c800BC Phoenecia...Carthage. 218BC Rome. 5C Vandal/ Goth. 6C Byzantine. 870 Arab. 1090 Sicily. 1530 Knights of St. John. 1798 French. 1814 British. 1964 Indepependent. 1974 Republic. Population awarded George Cross 1942.

Malthus, Thomas. 1766-1834. English economist, warned population would exceed food supply. Essay on Population 1798.

Mantuan Succession, War. 1628-31. French fight Hapsburgs over Mantua in 30 Years War.

Maori Wars. 1843-7. 1863-4. 1869-70. NZ settlers displace native Maori.

Maratha Wars. 1775-1818. British defeat Maratha Confederacy in India.

Margaret. Maid of Norway. 1283-90. Queen of Scotland 1286-. Betrothed to son of Edward I. Death led to England claiming Scotland, Civil War 1290-1314. Robert the Bruce.

Margaret of Anjou. 1430-82. Q consort to Henry VI. Led Lancastrians in War of Roses.

María Cristina II. 1858-1929. Spanish queen consort. As regent, 1885-1902, lost Spanish American War.

Maria Theresa. 1717-80. Hapsburg Empress of Austria-Hungary 1740-. War of Austrian Succession.

Marie Thérèse. 1638-83. Queen Consort to Louis XIV. Daughter of Philip IV. Unpaid dowry caused War of Devolution.

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of. 1650-1722. English general vs Louis XIV in War of Spanish Succession. Blenheim. Malplaquet. Ramillies.

Marlowe, Christopher. 1564-93. English dramatist: Tamerlane 1586. Dr. Faustus 1588-92. Edward II. May have written some of Shakespeare.

Mars. Roman god of war. = Greek Ares.

Marston Moor, Battle. 1644. English Civil War turning point. Cromwell defeats Rupert.

Martí, José. 1853-95. Led Cuban war vs Spain.

Matabele War. 1894-6. Rhodesia natives vs British. Mediated by Rhodes. Ndebele.

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