Christian Socialism. 19C. Kingsley’s appeal to upper class to help the masses.

Cisalpine Republic. 1797-1802. North Italy, created by Napoleon. 1802 Italian Republic. 1805-15 Kingdom of Italy.

Civil Rights Movement. 1950-91. US movement to obtain rights for blacks. 1955 Parks. 1963 March on Washington. King speech. 1991 Civil Rights Act.

Cleomenes I. Spartan King. c521-491BC. Maintained Spartan dominance.

Cleomenes III. -c219BC. Spartan King 235-222. Defeated Achaean League. Lost to Macedonia.

Clotaire I. -561. Son of Clovis. Merovingian king of Franks 511-. Reunited empire 558-61.

Clotaire II. 584-629. Merovingian king of Neustria. Reunited Frankish Empire 613, but ceded power to nobles.

Clovis I. 465-511. Salian Frankish king 481-. Conquered N Gaul. Baptized at Reims. Moved capital to Paris in 506. First Merovingian king of France.

Cobbett, William. 1763-1835. English working class pamphleteer.

Codrus. 11C BC/Legendary last king of Athens.

Cold War. 1946-90. Alternating crisis and detente between west and east, begun with Russia breaking Potsdam Agreement and creating communist regimes in East Germany and Czechoslovakia.

Coligny, Gaspard de. 1519-72. Huguenot leader 1562-. Influence on king caused Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Congress Poland. 1815-64. Polish Kingdom created by Congress of Vienna. Ruled by Russian Czar.

Conrad I. -918. First non-Carolingian king of Germany 911-.

Conscription. 1793. Carnot devised first compulsory military service for France. Used in Egypt’s Old Kingdom.

Constantine I. 1868-1923. King of Greece, 1913-17. Refused to support Allies in WWI. Abdicated. Restored 1920-2. Abdicated again.

Copyright ©. 1518 Pynson, king’s printer. 1710 Britain. Copyright Act. 1789 Ramsey in US. 1831 US Act. 1838 International. 1886 Berne Convention. 1952 Universal Copyright Convention. 1988 US joins Berne. 1998 US Digital Millenium Copyright Act.

Cordeliers. 1790-4. French moderate revolutionaries. Met at convent. Petitioned vs king. Most executed. Marat.

Creon. Oedipus’ uncle. King of Thebes. Killed Antigone.

Croesus. -546BC. Last King of Lydia 560-.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cush. Ancient kingdom in Sudan = Nubia = ancient Ethiopia.

Cymbeline. c40. Legendary British king, resisted Romans.

Dada. Anarchistic, deliberately shocking “non-art” begun in Zurich, 1916. Led to Surrealism. Arp. Duchamp. Ernst.

Dagobert I-III. Merovingian French kings in 7-8C.

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