Louis V. Do Nothing. 967-87. Last Carolingian king of France. 979-87.

Louis VI. The Fat. 1081-1137. French King 1108-. Fought Henry I.

Louis VII. The Young. 1120-80. French King 1137-. Second Crusade. Marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine annulled, consanguinity.

Louis VIII. The Lionheart. 1187-1226. French King 1223-. Invaded England 1216-7. Albigensian Crusade 1226.

Louis X. The Stubborn. 1289-1316. King of Navarre 1305-14, France 1314-. Chartered nobles.

Louis XI. 1423-83. French King 1461-. Acquired Burgundy, Anjou. Postal service 1477. Arras Treaty.

Louis XII. Father of the People. 1462-1515. French King 1498-. Italian Wars.

Louis XIII. The Just. 1601-43. French King 1610-. With Richelieu, extended monarchs power. Absolutism.

Louis XIV. Sun King. 1638-1715. French King 1643-. Mazarin regent to 1661. Absolute reign signalled a flourishing of the arts. Built Versailles. Revoked Edict of Nantes. -“L’état c’est moi.”

Louis XV. 1710-74. French King 1715-. Incompetence led to lost prestige, French Revolution. Philippe, duc d’Orléans.

Louis XVI. 1754-93. French King 1774-92. Bankrupted Government. French Revolution. Guillotined 1793.

Louis XVII. 1785-95. Nominal French king during Revolution.

Louis-Philippe. 1773-1850. French King 1830-48. 1790 Jacobin liberal who became absolutist monarch. Supported by bourgeoisie, defeated by workers in Revolt.

Loyola, St. Ignatius. 1491-1556. Spanish soldier, founder of ascetic Jesuit Order, army of God working directly for the Pope. Spiritual Exercises 1548.

Ludwig, King. = Louis.

MacAlpin. Kenneth I. -858. First King of Scots and Picts.

Macbeth. -1057. Scottish king 1040-. Killed, succeeded Duncan. Killed by Duncan’s son, Malcolm.

Madog. Welsh king, legendary discoverer of America 1170.

Magna Carta. 1215. British charter of rights, confirming ancient liberties, forced on King John at Runnymede. Habeas Corpus.

Magnus I. The Good. 1024-47. King of Norway 1035-, Denmark 1042-, uniting them. Failed in claim to England.

Magnus VI. 1238-80. Norwegian king 1263-. Law system.

Majapahit Empire. 413-15C. Hindu kingdom in Java.

Malcolm III. c1031-1093. Scottish king 1058-. Killed and succeeded Macbeth.

Manfred. 1232-66. Sicilian king 1258-. Opposed papal authority.

Manuel I. 1469-1521. Portuguese king 1495-. Overseas expansion and trade.

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