Leopold I. 1790-1865. First King of Belgians 1831-. Maintained neutrality.

Leopold II. 1835-1909. King of Belgians 1865-. Ruled Congo ruthlessly.

Leopold III. 1901-83. King of Belgians 1934-51. German prisoner 1940-5. Abdicated.

Leovigild. Last Visigoth King of Spain 572-86.

Lesotho. Basutoland. c1800 Basotho kingdom. 1868 British. 1871 Cape Colony. 1884 British colony. 1966 Independent kingdom of Lesotho.

Lhato Nyan-tsen. First king of Tibet.

Libya. 7C BC Phoenician, Carthage, Greek colonies. 46BC Rome. 476 Vandal(W). 534 Byzantine 647 Arab. 1551 Ottoman. 1911 Italian colony. 1943 British/French 1950 Independent Kingdom. 1969 Qaddafi coup. Terrorism. Lockerbie.

Liutprand. Powerful Lombard King, 712-44. Law code.

Lombards. Germanic people. 568 invaded Italy. 808 Jews formed banking system. 14C Commercial banks.

London Protocol. 1830. Established independent Greece as Kingdom. 1832 Set Greek borders.

London Treaty. 1674 Holland, England end War. 1824 Netherlands, Britain for control of Malaya. 1827 Britain, France, Russia to force mediation on Turkey/Greek freedom fighters. 1831 Belgian War of Independence. 1832 Britain, France, Bavaria made Otto I, King of Greece. 1852 Danish Succession. 1867 Luxembourg independence granted. 1871 Ended neutrality of Black Sea. 1913 Ended first Balkan War. 1915 (Secret) Britain-France-Russia grant concessions to Italy for joining WWI allies. Revealed by Bolsheviks 1918.

Lothair. 835-69. King of Lotharingia, 855. Disputes with Pope over annulment of his marriage.

Lotharingia. 843-870. Middle kingdom of split Carolingian Empire. Redivided.

Louis. The Child. 893-911. Last Carolingian German King, 899-.

Louis. The Younger. c830-882. Carolingian German King 876-. Acquired Lotharingia.

Louis I. 1786-1868. King of Bavaria 1825-48. Abdicated 1848 due to Lola Montez.

Louis I. 1838-89. King of Portugal, 1861-. Ended slavery in colonies.

Louis I. The Great. 1326-82. King of Hungary, 1342-, Poland 1370-. Rid kingdoms of Turks. Fought Venice, Naples.

Louis II. 1506-26. King of Hungary and Bohemia 1516-. Lost Hungary to Turks.

Louis II. The German. c822-76. King of East Carolingian Empire, 843-. Fought reuniting attempts. Checked Arab invasion of Italy.

Louis II. The Stammerer. 846-79. W Frankish King 877-.

Louis III. 863-82. French King 879-. Withstood Norse invasion.

Louis IV. c1283-1347. German king 1314-. Holy Roman Emperor, 1328-. German electors overrule Pope to make him Emperor.

Louis IV. d’Outremer. 921-54. French King 936-. Fought Hugh the Great (father of Hugh Capet).

Louis IX. St. Louis. 1214-70. French King 1226-70. Last 2 crusades. Captured on 7th Crusade. Built Ste-Chapelle, 1243, in thanks for release.

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