Renaissance. 13-16C Rebirth of the arts, under classical influence. Humanism. Spread from Italy. Art. Architecture. Music.

Renaissance Architecture. Italy 15C-. England 1558-1702. Intellectual search for harmony with Roman and mathematical proportions. Michelangelo. Bramante. Brunelleschi. Manetti.

Renaissance Art. 14-15C. Approaches ideal depiction of nature. Perspective, proportion, sfumato. Florentine. Venetian.

Reni, Guido. 1575-1642. Italian Baroque painter. Aurora and the Hours 1613.

Republic French. 1792-1804 First. 1848-52 Second. Napoleon III. 1870-1940 Third. 1946-58. Fourth. 23 governments in 12 years. 1958-. Fifth. DeGaulle.

Retz, Gilles de. 1404-40. French Marshal. Joan of Arc companion. Tortured, killed 140 children. Model for Bluebeard.

Revivalism. 18,19C. Revival of prior periods of English architecture. Neo-Greek, Neo-Renaissance, Neo-Gothic. British Museum.

Richard I. Lion Heart. 1157-99. King of England 1189-. Led Third Crusade. Captured and ransomed.

Rickover, Hyman. 1900-86. US Admiral. “Father of nuclear submarine”.

Rights, Bill of. 1791. First 10 amendments to US constitution. Freedom of religion, right to due process, counsel, bear arms, no self incrimination, cruel or unusual punishment, etc.

Roanoke Colony. 1587. English colony of 117 settlers in Virginia disappeared. Raleigh.

Rochester, 2nd Earl. 1647-80. English satiric poet. History of Insipids 1676. Maim’d Debauchée.

Rococo. Art and Architecture 1720-70. Last stage of Baroque. Shell shaped motif in ornamentation. Dainty, graceful, ornate, smiling. Watteau. Boucher. Fragonard.

Rodney, George. 1718-92. British admiral. Seven Years War. American Revolution.

Rölvaag, Ole. 1876-1931. Norwegian/US. Wrote of immigrants in Minnesota. Giants in the Earth 1927.

Romanesque Architecture. 4-15C. Barrel vault. Plain. Massive piers. Masonry vaulting. Blend of Byzantine and Roman influences. Gothic.

Romanesque Art. 11-12C Powerful imagery, grand conception. Fused Byzantine, Teutonic, Roman.

Roosevelt, Franklin. 1882-1945. US president 1933-45. New Deal 1933-. Pacifist until Pearl Harbor. Four Freedoms.

Rosa, Salvator. 1615-73. Italian poet, musician, Baroque painter.

Rothko, Mark. 1903-70. Russian/US Abstract Expressionist painter. Large canvases of solid color. Light Earth and Blue 1954.

Rubens, Peter Paul. 1577-1640. Flemish Baroque painter. Sensuous works. Descent from Cross 1611. Médicis cycle 1621-5. Peace and War c1630.

Russian Campaign. 1812. Napoleon’s march on Moscow. 10,000 of 100,000 return. Grande Armée.

Rutherford, Ernest. 1871-1937. NZ/English physicist. Beta rays 1899, Nuclear theory of atom1911.

Rymer, Thomas. 1641-1713. English Neoclassical literary critic: attacked Shakespeare.

Salisbury, First Earl. 1563-1612. British adviser to Elizabeth I. Negotiated James I succession.

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