Nazareth. Early home of Christ, in Galilee.

Near Eastern Crisis. 1839-41. Eastern Crisis.

Nearchus. -312BC. Macedonian general under Alexander.

Neorealism, Italian. 1920-60. Literary movement supressed by Fascists. Moving autobiographical accounts of the war years. Quasimodo.

Neumann, Balthasar. 1687-1753. German Baroque architect. Residenz in Würzburg 1719-44.

Neville, Richard. Earl of Warwick.

New Economic Policy. 1921-8. Russian economic program. Limited free enterprise. Replaced by Five Year Plans.

Nicholas of Cusa. 1401-64. German. Proposed heliocentricity, calendar reform 1429. De Docta Ignorantia 1440. “A learned man is one who is aware of his own ignorance.”

Northampton, Battle. 1460. War of the Roses. York victory earns right to succeed Henry VI.

Notre-Dame. 12-13C School of early polyphonic music. Léonin.

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. 1968. USSR, US, UK, +59 others. Effective 1970.

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. 1963. US, UK, USSR, + 100 signatories. No atmospheric, underwater, or space tests. France, China decline, continue testing.

Obelisk. 3300 year old Luxor gift of Muhammad Ali to Charles X, 1829. Place de la Concorde, Paris.

Oberammergau. 1634- Passion play every ten years commemorates plague of 1633.

O’Connor, Feargus. 1796-1855. Irish/English Chartist.

Ojibwa. (Chippewa). North American Indians near Great Lakes. Supported French vs British in 7 Years War, British vs Americans in Revolution.

Olympiad. Greek measure of time = 4 years.

Orléans, Louis, duc d’. 1372-1407. Began Armagnac/Burgundy conflict. Assassinated by supporters of John the Fearless.

Orléans, Siege. 1428-9. 8 month English siege ended by Joan of Arc. Turning point of 100 Years War.

Ostracism. Athenian 10 year exile for disrupting stability.

Ottoman Empire. 1300-1922. Turkish empire in Balkans, Near East, N Africa. Conquered Byzantine Empire. 1402 Destroyed by Tamerlane. 1413 Rebuilt by Mehmed. 1453 Conquered Constantinople. Eastern Question. Mehmed II. Süleiman the Magnificent. Turkey.

Oughtred, Wm. 1574-1660. English. Slide rule c1630 (circular), 1633 (rectilinear).

Oxford Group. 1921- Early form of Buchmanism stressing group confessions.

Oxford University. 1115. Celebrated center of English learning. Charter 1214. Modelled on University of Paris.

Palatinate. 1156-. Region of south Germany ravaged during 30 Years War and War of Grand Alliance. Saar.

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