Philippine Sea, Battle. 1944. Major US victory over Japanese. Philippines reconquered. MacArthur.

Philippines. 1521 Magellan discovers. 1565 Spanish conquer. 1762-64 British occupy. 1898 US. 1935 Commonwealth. 1941-11 Japan occupies. 1946 Republic. 1973 Marcos dictator. 1986 Democracy. MacArthur.

Port Arthur. Chinese port. 1894 Japan. 1895 China (Shimonoseki Treaty). 1898 Russia. 1904 Japan. 1945 USSR/China. 1955 China.

Portsmouth, Treaty. 1905. Russia recognizes Japan in Korea, returning Manchuria to China.

P’u-i, Henry. 1906-67. Last Chinese Emperor. 1908-12. Japanese puppet Emperor of Manchukuo 1934-45. Interned by Soviets in Siberia 1945-50. Reeducated by Communist Chinese. Pardoned 1959. Mechanic. From Emperor to Citizen 1980.

Pure Land Buddhism. 4C China, Japan. Followers of Buddha saviour Amitabha (Amida, O-mi-t’o). Paradise for invoking his name.

Rankin, Jeanette. 1880-1973. First US Congresswoman. 1917-9, 1941-3. Only vote against declaring war on Japan. WWII.

Relocation Centers. 1942-6. US confines Japanese, Japanese-Americans in Concentration Camps.

Rhee, Syngman. 1875-1965. First South Korean president 1948-60. Campaigned for Independence from Japan.

Rice Riots. 1837. Japan. Famine led to riots, reform.

Root, Elihu. 1845-1937. US internationalist statesman. Agreements with Japan, Britain, Latin America. Disarmament Conference.

Root-Takahira Agreement. 1908. US-Japan. Maintains Open Door policy in China.

Russo-Japanese War. 1904-5. Unsuccessful attempt to limit Japanese Imperialism. A cause of Russian Revolution 1905.

Saionji Kimmochi, Prince. 1849-1940. Japanese Prime Minister 1901~12. Tried to moderate militarism.

Samurai. 11C-1868. Japanese warriors. Basis of Shogun power.

San Francisco, Peace. 1951. Japanese 1854 borders restored.

Sarawak. 15C Brunei. 1841 Independent (Brooke). 1941 Japanese occupy. 1946 British Crown Colony. 1963 Malaysia.

Sato Eisaku. 1901-75. Japanese Prime Minister 1964-72. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Se Ami. Japanese No dramatist. Offering of the Flowers 1395.

Sesshu. 1420-1506. Japanese painter. Zen monk.

Seven Gods of Luck. Japanese. 16C-. Bishamon, Daikoku, Ebisu, Fukurokuju, Hotei, Jurojin, Benten.

Shimabara Rebellion. 1637-8. Japanese Catholics vs taxes.

Shimonoseki Treaty. 1895. Ended first Sino-Japanese War. Japan gained Taiwan, Port Arthur. Korea independent.

Shinran. 1173-1262. Japanese Buddhist. Founded True Pure Land sect.

Shinto. Japanese state religion 1769-. All things are holy. Ancestor worship.

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