Polk, James. 1795-1849 US Democratic president 1845-. Oregon Question. Mexican War. “54°40' or fight”.

Pragmatism. 19-20C. Philosophy emphasizing experiment and practical utility. Pierce. James. Dewey. Schiller.

Restoration Period. England 1660-88. Charles II, James II. France 1814~30. Louis XVIII, Charles X.

Rogers, John. 1500-55. English Protestant martyr. Published forerunner of King James Bible.

Ross, James. 1800-62. Scottish discoverer of North magnetic pole 1831 with uncle John Ross.

Ruthven, Raid of. 1582. James VI of Scotland kidnapped by William Ruthven (1541-84).

Salisbury, First Earl. 1563-1612. British adviser to Elizabeth I. Negotiated James I succession.

Salon des Refusés. 1863. Paris exhibition of paintings by Cezanne, Manet, Whistler refused by Academy. Déjeuner sur l’herbe.

Sarawak. 15C Brunei. 1841 Independent (Brooke). 1941 Japanese occupy. 1946 British Crown Colony. 1963 Malaysia.

Scotland. c4000BC Inhabited. c1800BC Beaker people. c300BC Celts (Picts). Caledonia. c500 AD Scots (Celts from Ireland) settle. 832 MacAlpin unifies. 945 + Cumbria + Strathclyde. c1016 + Lothian. 1328 Independence acknowledged by England. 1603 James VI becomes James I of England. 1707 Great Britain. 1801 United Kingdom.

Sedgemoore, Battle. 1685. James II defeats Monmouth. Monmouth executed.

Simpson, James. 1811-70. British obstetrician. Chloroform, 1847.

Smith, John. c1580-1631. English adventurer saved by Pocahontas. Founded Jamestown.

Smithson, James. 1765-1829. English scientist. Left fortune to found Smithsonian Institution.

Stanhope, James. 1673-1721. English general. Negotiated Triple, Quadruple Alliances.

Strang, James. 1813-56. Founded dissident Mormon Strangite sect.

Stuart, James. 1688-1766. “The Old Pretender”. Catholic Prince of Wales, claimant to British throne. Jacobites.

Surprise Plot. 1603. To hold James I hostage for religious reform.

Thomas, James. 1700-48. British poet. Seasons. Rule Britannia.

Thurber, James. 1894-1961. US humorist. Secret Life of Walter Mitty 1942. New Yorker Cartoons 1931-40.

Tonga. c500BC Polynesians. 1616 Dutch explore. 1777 Cook. 1900 British protectorate. 1970 Independent.

Ussher, James. 1581-1656. Irish theologian. Calculated the Creation as 4004BC according to Bible.

Virginia Company. London. 1606-24. To colonize North America. Founded Jamestown 1607.

Watson, James. 1928-. US discoverer of DNA structure 1953 with Crick.

Watt, James. 1736-1819. Scottish engineer, perfected steam engine, 1769. Defined horsepower. Rotating engine 1781.

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