Richelieu, Cardinal. 1585-1642. French politician 1624-. Built power of Louis XIII.

Rights, Bill of. 1689. Established power of British Parliament over taxes, laws, army. Protestant Succession. William and Mary.

Rijswijk, Treaty. 1697. Ended War of Grand Alliance. William III acknowledged. Territories restored.

Russia. 9C Slavs, Rus invade. 862-1598 Rurik dynasty. 1240 Mongol Empire of Golden Horde. 1462 Ivan the Great. 16C Unified. 1613 Romanov dynasty. 1917 Communist. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1991 Russian Federation. CIS.

Sancho III. c992-1035. King of Navarre 1000-. Unified Spain. Re-divided it in his will.

Sarsfield, Patrick. -1693. Irish Jacobite vs William III.

Sedan, Battle. 1870. Napoleon III surrenders to Germans. Ends second French Empire.

Selim III. 1761-1808. Ottoman sultan 1789-1807. Reformed, westernized. Overthrown, murdered.

Seymour, Jane. 1509-37. Third wife of Henry VIII. Died after giving birth to Edward VI.

Sigismund III. Vasa. 1566-1632. King of Poland 1587-, Sweden 1592-99. Captured Moscow 1610-12.

Simpson, Wallis. 1896-1986. American divorcée for whom Edward VIII abdicated.

Six Articles, Statute. 1539-1547. Henry VIII’s statement of Church of England doctrine. Persecuted both adamant Catholics and Protestants.

Skelton, John. c1460-1529. English satirical poet. Tutor, adviser to Henry VIII.

Stafford, Henry. 1454-83. Aided, then opposed Richard III. Executed.

Stair, First earl. 1648-1707. Scottish under-secretary of state to William III. Approved Glencoe Massacre.

Suffolk, First duke. c1484-1545. Brother-in-law, aide of Henry VIII. Incompetent military leader.

Supremacy, Act of. 1534 Henry VIII establishes Church of England under monarch. 1554 Repealed by Mary I. 1559 Elizabeth I re-established Church of England. Oath required of all MPs.

Temple, William. 1628-99. English diplomat. Arranged Triple Alliance, marriage of William and Mary.

Three Henrys War. 1585-89. French War of Religion. Henri de Guise fails to depose Henry III. Executed. Henry III murdered. Henry of Navarre takes throne.

Thutmose III. -1450BC. Egyptian king 1504BC-. Conqueror. Peak of Egyptian Empire.

Tiglath-pileser III. -727BC. Assyrian king c745-. Expanded empire to Persia, Babylon.

Tostig. -1066. Brother of English Harold II. Aided William the Conqueror and Norway’s Harold III invasions of England.

Ultraroyalists. 19C. French advocates of increased powers for Louis XVIII.

Urban VIII. 1568-1644. Pope 1623-. Supported France in Thirty Years War.

Valentinian III. 419-55. Roman Emperor 425-. Lost Africa to Vandals, Gaul to Huns.

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