Johnson, James. 1871-1938. US poet, diplomat. Secretary of NAACP. God’s Trombones 1927.

Johnson, Samuel. 1709-84. English lexicographer. Dictionary 1755. Subject of Boswell biography.

Jonestown Massacre. 1978. 913 followers of US cult leader James Jones commit suicide in Guyana.

Joule, James. 1818-89. English physicist. Mechanics of energy. Law of Conservation of Energy. Energy unit, 1843.

Joyce, James. 1882-1941. Innovative Irish writer in Stream of Consciousness style. Experimented with linguistic techniques. Dubliners 1914. Portrait of the Artist 1916. Ulysses 1922. Finnegan’s Wake 1939.

Kruger Telegram. 1896. Wilhelm II congratulates Kruger on defeating Jameson Raid, angering British.

Lawrence, James. 1781-1813. US naval commander in War of 1812. -“Don’t give up the ship!”

London Company. 1606. Establishd first permanent English settlement in N America at Jamestown, VA.

Madison, James. 1751-1836. US President. 1809-17. “Father of US Constitution.”

Marshall, James. 1810-85. Discovered gold 1848. California Gold Rush 1849.

Mary Stuart. 1542-87. Queen of Scots 1542-67. Abdicated. Married Francis II. Queen of France 1559-60. Married Darnley 1565. Married Bothwell 1567, causing Scottish Revolt. Beheaded with Babington by Elizabeth I. Mother of James I.

Maxwell, James Clerk. 1831-79. Scottish physicist: theory of electromagnetic radiation, 1873.

Michener, James. 1907-97. US writer. Tales of the South Pacific. Hawaii.

Millenary Petition. 1603. Presented by 1000 Puritan ministers to James I. Calls Hampton Court Conference.

Monmouth, James. 1649-85. Illegitimate son of Charles II. Rye House Plot 1683. Beheaded after rebellion.

Monroe, James. 1758-1831. US President 1817-25. Florida acquired 1819. Missouri Compromise. Monroe Doctrine.

Montrose, James Graham, Marq. of. 1612-50. Scottish general for Charles I in Civil War. Executed.

Moray, James Stuart, Earl of. c1531-70. Scottish Regent 1567-. Promoted Reformation after Mary’s abdication.

Murray, James. 1722-94. First British governor of Quebec. Supported French residents. Recalled.

Murray, James. 1837-1915. Scottish/English editor of Oxford English Dictionary 1879-.

Naismith, James. 1861-1939. Canadian/US inventor of basketball 1891.

Nasmyth, James. 1808-90. Scottish inventor of steam hammer, 1839.

New Caledonia. 1774 Cook discovers. 1843 French. 1864-94 Penal colony. 1954 French Overseas Territory.

New Hebrides. Melanesians, Polynesians. 1606 de Quiros discovers. 1768 Bougainville rediscovers. 1774 Cook charts. 1887 Joint French/English admin. 1980 -Vanuatu.

Newcomen, Thomas. 1663-1729. First steam engine, 1706, as mine pump. Basis of Watt’s.

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