Savoy. 1034- Noble dynasty of France, Switzerland. Italian kings 1861-1946.

Scaliger, Julius Caesar. 1484-1558. Italian/French classical scholar. “Father” of literary criticism. Poetics 1561.

Scaramouche. Italian clown, at 83 could knock off his partner’s hat with a high kick.

Scarlatti, Alessandro. 1660-1725. Italian composer of oratorios and operas. Neapolitan School. Influenced classical harmony.

Scarlatti, Domenico. 1685-1757. Italian composer. 555 Sonatas for harpsichord 1737-. Operas 1703-.

Schein, Johann. 1586-1630. Reformation composer. Introduced Italian Baroque to German music.

Schiaparelli, Giovanni. 1835-1910. Italian ’discoverer’ of non-existent canals on Mars.

Schütz, Heinrich. 1585-1672. Founded German church music with Italian style. Wrote first German opera, Dafne 1627.

Servandoni, G.N. 18C Italian/French architect. St. Sulpice facade 1732.

Severini, Gino. 1883-1966. Italian Futurist painter.

Sobrero, Ascanio. 1812-88. Italian. Nitroglycerine 1846.

Socinus, Laelius. 1525-62. Italian founder of Socinianism.

Sol. Ancient Italian sun god.

Somalia. 1960 Independent union of British Somaliland + Italian Somaliland.

Sonnino, Sidney. 1847-1922. Italian diplomat. Encouraged Italy into WWI. Treaty of London.

Stradivari, Antonio. 1644-1737. Italian master violin maker 1666-.

Svevo, Italo. 1861-1928. Italian psychological novelist. Confessions of Zeno 1923.

Tartini, Giuseppe. 1692-1770. Italian violinist, composer.

Tasso, Torquato. 1544-95. Italian poet. Jerusalem Liberated 1581.

Thomas Aquinas, St. 1225-74. Italian Dominican scholar. 5 Proofs of God. An eternal law governs all physical and moral behaviour. Summa Theologica. Thomism. Reconciled Aristotle’s reason with Christian faith.

Tiepolo, Giovanni. 1696-1770. Italian painter of color and light. Frescoes.

Togliatti, Palmiro. 1893-1964. Co-founder, Italian Communist Party. Leader 1926-.

Torricelli, Evangelista. 1608-47. Italian physicist. mercury barometer, vacuum 1643.

Toscanini, Arturo. 1867-1957. Italian virtuoso conductor of Verdi, Beethoven.

Tripartite Pact. 1940. Japan joins German-Italian Axis. Joined by Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, 1940; Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Croatia, 1941.

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