African Colonization. 1840-1920. 15C Portuguese exploration. 1884-1920 Africa divided by European powers. 1950- anti-colonial mvmts.

African National Congress. ANC. 1912-. Organization for black rights in South Africa outlawed to 1990. 1994- Ruling party. Mandela.

Africanus Sextus. c180-250. Wrote chronology of World, Creation to 221 AD.

Afrikaans. Dutch-derived language of South Africa.

Apartheid. 1948-1994. Racial segregation in South Africa.

Atom Bomb. 1945 US. 1949 USSR. 1952 Britain. 1960 France. 1964 China. 1974 India. 1989 South Africa (dismantled). 1998 Pakistan. ? Israel. 1990s Argentina, Brazil. Soon: Iraq, Iran, North Korea. H-Bomb. Neutron Bomb.

Australopithecus. Hominid ancestor to man, discovered in Africa. Lived 1 to 5 million years ago.

Bandung Conference. 1955. 29 Asian and African countries oppose colonialism, promote peace.

Bantu. Language of 60M natives in Southern Africa.

Barbary. 16-19C. Name given to North African coast. Berbers.

Barnard, Christian. 1922-2001. South African surgeon-first human heart transplant 1967.

Bedouin. Nomadic N African tribes.

Benin.1625 Abomey kingdom = Dahomey. 1892 France. 1895 French West Africa. 1959 Autonomous. 1960 Independent =Dahomey. 1975 =People’s Republic of Benin.

Berbers. Caucasian North African peoples, mostly Moslem. Nomadic since 12C Arab invasions. Almohads. Almoravids. Barbary.

Berlin Conference. 1884. Bismarck called 15 nations to resolve African issues. Congo granted independence. Slavery suppressed.

Boer War. 1899-1902. British defeat Boer Republic in South Africa. Vereeniging.

Boers. 17-19C Dutch settlers in South Africa. Great Trek.

Bokassa. 1921-96. Central African Republic dictator 1966-79. Overthrew Dacko, who was restored by France.

Botha, Louis. 1862-1919. First Prime Minister 1910- of South Africa.

Bruce, James. 1730-94. African explorer 1768-73.

Buganda.19C African kingdom. 1890s Britain. 1962 Independent under Uganda. 1966 Uganda.

Burkina Faso. (Upper Volta). 11C Bobo. 14C Mossi(E)/Gourma(C)...Kingdoms of Yatanga, Ouagadouga. 1895(E)/97(C) French protectorate. 1904 French Sudan. 1919 French colony. 1932-47 Divided Ivory Coast/Niger/French Sudan. 1948 French Territory. 1960 Independent. 1984 =Burkina Faso.

Bushmen. South African tribe. = San.

Caillié, René. 1799-1838. French explorer in Africa.

Caliphate Empire. 632-1258. Moslem Empire founded by Muhammad. From Afghanistan to north Africa and Spain. Umayyad. Abbasid.

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