Wilkes, John. 1725-97. English journalist, MP, rake. Free press champion. Essays on Women 1764. Expelled and reelected MP.

William III. 1650-1702. Prince of Orange 1672-. King of England with Mary II 1689-. Ended War of Grand Alliance 1697. Defeated James II at Battle of Boyne, reconquered Ireland 1690. Declared freedom of worship.

Woodhull, Victoria. 1838-1927. US reformer. First female presidential candidate 1872. Suffrage, free love advocate.

Zaire. Bantu. 1482 Portugal explores. 1885 Personal holding of Leopold II = Congo Free State. 1908 Belgian Congo. 1960 Independent. 1971 =Zaire. 1997 Democratic Republic of Congo.

Zenger, John. 1697-1746. US publisher. Libel acquittal based on being fact 1735, key to freedom of press.

Abd el-Kader. 1808-83. Arab emir who fought French 1840-46; founded Algerian state.

Aetolian League. 4-2C BC. Confederation of Greek city states, led by Thebes.

Aggression. 1974 UN Definition-Use of armed force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another state.

Alaska. 1741 Bering explores. 1799 Russian America. 1867 US buys for $7.2M. 1959 State.

American Revolution. 1775-1783. Independence won from Britain, United States of America formed.

Anarchism, Communistic. Marxist revolutionary version of anarchism that seeks to overthrow the state. Bakunin. Kropotkin. Assassinated: Sadi-Carnot, Empress Elizabeth, Umberto I, McKinley.

Andropov, Yuri. 1914-84. Soviet chief of state, 1984: advocated efficiency.

Antioch. 300BC Seleucus I founds. 64BC Rome. First reference to disciples as Christians c42. 540 Persia. 637 Moslem. 10-11C Syrian capital. 969 Byzantine. 1098 Crusader State. 1268 Egypt. 1517 Ottoman. 1920 Syria. 1939 Turkey.

April Theses. 1917. Lenin’s plan for Soviet takeover of state power from provisional government.

Arab League. 1945. Non-aggression and cooperation treaty of Arab states. Collective Treaty of Defence, 1950, to defend against Israeli aggression.

Arai Hakuseki. 1657-1725. Japanese Confucian philosopher, statesman, historian.

Arcadian League. 370-362BC. Union of states vs Sparta.

Argos. Greek city-state. Dominated Peloponnesus 7C BC.

Armenian Church. c303. First Christian state church. 506 schism with Rome.

Augustine, St. 354-430. Author of Confessions, City of God. Bishop of Hippo. “God is omnipotent.” Introduced Neoplatonic Determinism to Christianity. Church should rule state.

Austrian State Treaty, 1955. Ended Allied occupation of Austria.

Baltic States. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.

Baltic Wars of Liberation. 1918-20. Established independent states of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.

Bancroft, George. 1800-91. “Father of American history”. History of United States 1834-74.

Baruch, Bernard. 1870-1965. US financier/elder statesman; adviser to US presidents, Churchill.

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