Charter. 1814-1830. French Constitution: Constitutional Monarchy, civil liberties, religious toleration.

Chartists. 1836-58. British workers’ reform movement. Petitions 1838,40,48 for universal male suffrage, ballot vote led to riots 1839. Lovett.

Chase, Salmon. 1808-73. US. Founded Republican Party. National banking system.

Chaykovsky, Nikolai. 1850-1926. Russian Socialist. Opposed Bolsheviks. Led counterrevolutionary government 1918-20.

Chetniks. 1907-45. Serbian nationalist guerillas.

Chicherin, Georgi. 1872-1936. Russian diplomat. Won recognition for Communist government.

Chimera. Greek lion/goat/dragon beast.

China. T’ang(leg). Yü (leg). c1994BC Hsia. c1500 Shang. c1027 Chou. 481 Warring States. 221 Ch’in. 202BC Han. 220 AD Three Kingdoms. 265 Chin. 386 Northern Dyn(N)/420 Southern Dyn(S). 581 Sui rebuild. 618 T’ang. 10C Five dyn/Ten kingdoms. 960 Sung. 1279 Yüan (Mongol). 1368 Ming. 1644 Ch’ing (Manchu). 1912 Republic. 1938-44 Japanese occupation. 1949 People’s Republic.

Chinese Civil War. 184 Yellow Turban Rebellion. 1622- Red Hat Rebellion. 1946-9 Communists rebel vs Kuomintang. People’s Republic established.

Chinese Examination System. 124BC-1905. Civil service exams testing knowledge of Confucius.

Chinese Exclusion Acts. 1882-1943. Banned Chinese immigration to US. Asian 1924-.

Chinese Revolution. 1911. Manchu dynasty replaced by a republic. Sun Yat Sen.

Chinoiserie. 17-18C. European interpretation of Chinese style of art, decoration.

Chirico, Giorgio de. 1888-1978. Greek/It surrealist painter.

Chivalry. 12-15C. International brotherhood of knights and their code of conduct.

Chomsky, Noam. 1928-. US linguist. Invented transformational grammar. Language and the Mind.

Chopin, Fréderic. 1810-49. Polish/French composer of emotional expressiveness and pianist of great technical ability. Sand.

Chremonidean War. 267-261BC. Unsuccessful rebellion of Athens and Sparta vs Macedonians.

Christian II. King of Denmark and Norway, 1513-23; Sweden, 1520-3. End of Kalmar Union. Stockholm bloodbath.

Christian X. Danish king 1912-47. Symbol of Danish Resistance. Imprisoned by Nazis 1943-5. Women’s vote 1915. Independent Iceland 1918.

Christian Science. 1879. Founded by Eddy. Death, illness are illusions to be overcome by faith.

Christianity. World’s largest religion, based on acts and teachings of Jesus Christ, believed to be Son of God. Emphasises love for all..

Church of England. 1534. Anglican Church. National English church, founded by Henry VIII. Redefined by Elizabeth I, 1559. Act of Supremacy.

Church of Scotland. National Church of Scotland. Reformation led by Knox. 1560 Abolished pope. 1689 Presbyterian.

CIA. Central Intelligence Agency. 1947-. US information gathering agency. Replaced OSS. National Security Act. Activities: 1953 Iran. 1954 Guatemala. 1967 Guevara. 1973 Chile. 1976 Nigeria.

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