Yi. 1392-1910. Korean dynasty. Isolationist to 1876. Ended by Japanese annexation.

Yoga. Hindu and Buddhist system of meditation, breathing and exercise to achieve spiritual enlightenment.

Yogacara. 2C- Mahayana meditative Buddhism. Only consciousness is real.

Yorktown, Siege. 1781. British surrender to American and French forces. American Revolution.

Young Europe. 1834- Conspired to create democratic league of nations by assassination/demonstration.

Young Germany. 1830-50. Literary movement vs Nationalism and Romanticism. Heine. Wienbarg.

Young Plan. 1930. Fixed German WWI reparations at 37 billion gold marks to be paid by 1988. One payment made.

Yugoslavia. Balkans. 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes. 1929 =Yugoslavia. 1929-31 Dictatorship. 1941-45 Italy, Germany occupy. 1945 Socialist Federation of Republics. 1948 Broke Soviet ties. 1991 -Croatia, Slovenia, Civil war. Serbia. Croatia. Bosnia-Hercegovina. Slovenia. Macedonia. Montenegro. Tito. Kosovo.

Zabern Affair. 1913. Riots caused by German military rule in Alsace-Lorraine.

ZANU. Zimbabwe African National Union. 1963-. Founded by Mugabe vs white minority rule. 1987 +ZAPU.

Zapata, Emiliano. 1879-1919. Mexican revolutionary hero. “Land and liberty!”. Ayala Plan.

Zapotec. 6-16C. Advanced Mexican civilization in Oaxaca.

ZAPU. Patriotic Front. Zimbabwe African People’s Union. 1961-. Founded by Nkomo vs white minority rule in Rhodesia. 1987 Merged with ZANU.

Zealots. Jewish sect. Led revolt vs Rome 66-70. Used terrorism, assassination of those friendly to Rome. Masada.

Zeeman, Pieter. 1865-1943. Dutch physicist. Magnetic effect on light polarization.

Zelaya, José. 1853-1919. Nicaraguan president 1894-1909. Attempted to unify Central America by force and revolution 1909.

Zen Buddhism. 6C-. Sect founded by Bodhidharma. Sudden Enlightenment by meditation on Koan paradoxes. 1191 imported to Japan.

Zeno of Citium. c335-263BC. Greek founder of Stoicism. Early anarchist: “Compulsion perverts the nature of man”.

Zeno of Elea. Paradox: Arrow can never reach its target because it progresses in ever decreasing fractions of distance remaining. ½,¼... First use of dialectic reasoning.

Zhdanov, Andrei. 1896-1948. Russian Politburo member. Created Cominform. Restricted Soviet cultural activities.

Zhivkov, Todor. 1911-98. Bulgarian leader 1954-89. Loyal to Moscow. Confrontations with Yugoslavia.

Zimbabwe. 11C Shona. 15C Karanga Empire. 16C Portugal explores. 1890 British South Africa Co. 1911 Southern Rhodesia. 1953 +Nyasaland. 1964 =Rhodesia. 1965 Declared indepence, international sanctions. 1979 Independent. =Zimbabwe. ZAPU. ZANU. Mugabe.

Zimmerman Telegram. 1917. Germany suggests Mexican alliance if US enters war. Interception aroused public vs Germany.

Zinoviev Letter. 1924. From COMINTERN to London advising worker revolution. Labour defeated.

Zion. Originally a hill in Jerusalem. Now, symbol of Promised Land.

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