Three Mile Island. 1979. US nuclear power station accident.

Three Principles of the People. 1923. Sun Yat-sen: Nationalism, freedom from Imperial rule; Democracy; Livelihood.

Thugs. Indian religious sect suppressed by British. Killed travellers to offer to goddess Kali.

Tiananmen (Tienanmen) Square. 1989 student demonstrations for increased freedom crushed by Chinese army.

Tibet. 7C-838 Buddhist kingdom. 9C Divided. 1247 Mongol. 14C Yellow Hats established. 1642 5th Dalai Lama becomes ruler. 1715 Chinese suzerainty. 1792 Closed to foreigners. 1951 Autonomous within China. 1959 China crushes revolt. 1987~9 Riots vs Chinese rule.

Tientsin, Treaty. 1858. British, French concessions established.

Tientsin Massacre. 1870. 20 French killed. China apologizes. End of China/Western co-operation.

Tiepolo, Giovanni. 1696-1770. Italian painter of color and light. Frescoes.

Tigris-Euphrates. SW Asian river system. Assyrian, Chaldean civilizations.

Titian. c1489-1576. Venetian painter of dynamic composition and brilliant color. Assumption of Virgin 1518. Charles V 1548. Rape of Europa 1562. Piéta 1576.

Togo. 17-19C Slave trade. 1884 German protectorate = Togoland. 1920 British(W)/ French(E) League of Nations mandate. 1957 British Togo +Gold Coast = Independent Ghana. 1960 French Togo independent = Togo.

Tokugawa. 1603-1868. Japanese Shogun dynasty. =Edo Period. Isolationist. Genroku arts of “floating world”.

Tokugawa, Keiki. 1837-1913. Last Japanese Shogun 1867-8. Peaceful Meiji Restoration of Emperor.

Toleration, Act of. 1689. England. Religious freedom for non-conformists.

Toleration, Edict of. 1781. Holy Roman Empire. Freedom of worship.

Tolpuddle Martyrs. 1834. 6 British farmworkers transported despite protests for union organizing.

Tolstoy, Lev. 1828-1910. Russian historical novelist. Moralist. Occupied with social reforms; freed his serfs. Founded Christian anarchist religion. War and Peace 1863-9. Anna Karenina 1875-7.

Toltec. 9-13C. C. Mexican urban warrior peoples. Sun worshippers. Defeated by Aztecs.

Tone, Wolfe. 1763-98. Irish nationalist leader, rebel. Led French force to Ireland 1798. Suicide. United Irishmen.

Tonkin Resolution. 1964. Congress approves US forces in Vietnam.

Tonypandy Riots. 1910. Police control striking coal miners. Cavalry held in reserve by Churchill.

Torch, Operation. 1942-3. Anglo-US operations in French NW Africa. Vichy France calls for Axis support in Tunis.

Tordesillas, Treaties. 1494. Spain, Portugal divide colonies in America and East according to Demarcation Bull of Alexander VI. Spain west, Portugal east of 48.5°W.

Torres Vedras, Lines. 1808-14. Fortifications protect Portugal from French invasion.

Tory. Term (Irish = outlaw) applied 1679 to Duke of York supporters. English Royalist political party 1690-1830, refounded as Conservative Party 1833. In US: =colonists loyal to Britain during American Revolution.

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