Robespierre, Maximilien de. 1758-94. Jacobin extremist French revolutionary leader. Opposed Cult of Reason. Led Terror. Executed.

Rochambeau, Comte de. 1725-1807. French commander, aided in American Revolution.

Rochdale. 1844 Pioneer cooperative. Owen.

Rockefeller, John. 1839-1937. US oil millionaire, philanthropist.

Rococo. Art and Architecture 1720-70. Last stage of Baroque. Shell shaped motif in ornamentation. Dainty, graceful, ornate, smiling. Watteau. Boucher. Fragonard.

Rodney, George. 1718-92. British admiral. Seven Years War. American Revolution.

Roebling, John. 1806-69. US civil enginerer. First steel cable suspension bridges. Began Brooklyn Bridge.

Röhm, Ernst. 1887-1934. German Nazi rival of Hitler. Organized SA. Executed.

Roland de la Platière, Jean. 1734-93. Moderate French revolutionary leader. Fled Terror.

Roland de la Platière, Jeanne. 1754-93. French wife of Jean. Held revolutionary salons. Executed.

Roman Question. 1861-1929. Italy vs Papacy over control of Rome. Lateran Treaty.

Romanesque Art. 11-12C Powerful imagery, grand conception. Fused Byzantine, Teutonic, Roman.

Romansh. Romance language spoken in Grison Canton of Switzerland. “National” language 1938-.

Romantic. Period of music. c1800-1910. Sought freedom of expression. Instrumental virtuoso. Berlioz. Liszt. Schubert. Schumann.

Romantic. Art. Expression of emotion more important than form or reality. Delacroix. Turner.

Romantic. Literary movement. Nature, spirit and emotion. Subjective. Gothic novel. Hugo, Rousseau, Schiller. Wordsworth. Goethe. Scott.

Romantic Movement. Reaction vs Enlightenment, French cultural domination. Native themes, individuality, subjectivity, self-expression.

Roosevelt, Theodore. 1858-1919. US president 1901-9 after McKinley assassination. Founded Bull Moose Party 1912. Led Rough Riders. Panama Canal Zone.

Root, Elihu. 1845-1937. US internationalist statesman. Agreements with Japan, Britain, Latin America. Disarmament Conference.

Rosenberg, Alfred. 1893-1946. German Nazi ideologist. Executed.

Rosenberg, Julius, Ethel. 1918,1916-53. First US civilians executed for spying for Soviet Union.

Rosetta Stone. 196BC Multilingual stone used by Champollion to decipher hieroglyphics 1821.

Ross, Betsy. 1752-1836. Seamstress. Traditional maker of first US flag.

Ross, John. 1777-1856. Scottish. Led North magnetic pole expedition.

Rossetti, Christina. 1830-94. English religious poet. Prince’s Progress 1866.

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