Proudhon, Pierre. 1809-65. French Anarchist Socialist: “Property is theft.”-What is Property? 1840. “Government is the Scourge of God”. Systèmes des Contradictions Économiques 1846.

Ptolemy XV. Caesarion. 47-30BC. Egyptian king 44-. Son of Caesar and Cleopatra. Killed by Octavian.

Puebla, Battles. 1862 Mexican guerillas humiliate French army. “Cinco de Mayo”. 1863 French victorious, Maximilian.

Pueblo Rebellion. 1680. Pueblo Indians expel Spain from New Mexico -1692.

Pugachov, Yemelyan. 1726-75. Russian. Led peasant rebellion vs serfdom 1773-5, impersonating Peter III.

Pullman Strike. 1894. Chicago. Broken by troops, injunction. National boycott call. Debs.

Pure Land Buddhism. 4C China, Japan. Followers of Buddha saviour Amitabha (Amida, O-mi-t’o). Paradise for invoking his name.

Purge. 1936-8. Stalin’s trials to eliminate political rivals with fabricated charges. 3 million dead. Executions, forced labour, internal exile.

Puritanism. 16-17C. English Calvinist movement to purify church of Catholic and political elements. Valued hard work, education, thrift.

Pygmalion. Greek sculptor who fell in love with statue he made.

Qaddafi, Muammar. 1942-. Radical nationalist Libyan dictator 1969- after deposing Idris I. Nationalized oil industry 1973. Middle East terrorist supporter.

Quant, Mary. 1934-. English fashion designer. Miniskirt.

Quantum Theory. Energy levels are discontinuous. Foundation of modern physics. Planck 1900. Bohr.

Quartering Acts. 1765-70,74. Forced Colonies to pay for British troops stationed there. Intolerable Acts. Stamp Act.

Quebec Act. 1774. Britain creates permanent government for Canada. Tolerance for French Canadians a cause of American Revolution. Intolerable Acts.

Quebec Campaign. 1775-6. American revolutionaries take Montreal. Fail to take Quebec.

Québecois, Parti. Political party dedicated to separating Quebec from Canada. Despite 1976 election majority, 1980 referendum rejected secession.

Queen Anne’s War. 1702-13. French vs English in North America in War of Spanish Succession.

Quesnay, François. 1694-1774. French economist, Physiocrat. “Laissez-faire” is a natural divinely appointed law. Tableau Économique 1758 -systematic study of political economy. Can maximize social satisfaction under free competition.

Quiberon Bay, Battle. 1759. British defeat French navy preventing French invasion of Scotland.

Quietism. 1696. Mystic religious movements. Passivity allows communication with God. Hinduism. Sufism. Molinos. Guyon. Fenelon. Soul in passive state is saved by divine spirit.

Quimby, Phineas P. 1802-66. US mental healer by suggestion. Mary Baker Eddy was a patient. Father of New Thought movement.

Quintilian. c35-96. Roman educationalist. Institutio Oratoria 95. Modern ideas of education.

Quisling, Vidkun. 1887-1945. Traitor, head of Norwegian puppet government during German occupation, 1940-5. WWII. Executed.

Radical Republicans. 1860-77. Anti-slavery faction of US Republican Party. Abolitionists.

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