Philippics. Acrimonious orations of Demosthenes against Philip II of Macedonia.

Philippine Insurrection. 1899-1902. Filipinos rebel vs US rule.

Philippine Revolution. 1896-8. For independence from Spain allowed US control. Insurrection.

Phillips, Wendell. 1811-84. US abolitionist, women’s suffrage, prohibition crusader.

Philoctetes. Mythical Greek warrior. Killed Paris at Troy.

Phocaea. Ionian city. Settled Anatolia 10C BC. Colonized Dardanelles, Mediterranean, Black Sea.

Physiocrats. 18C. Agricultural based philosophy. Land is source of all wealth. Elimination of controls over economy. Laissez-Faire. Quesnay. Turgot.

Physiognomism. Belief in the relationship between personality types and facial characteristics. Lavater. Aristotle.

Pickens, Andrew. 1739-1817. American Revolutionary. Captured Atlanta.

Pickering, Edward. 1846-1919. US pioneer of stellar spectroscopy, photometry.

Pietism. 17-18C. Spener’s religious movement. Influenced Moravians, Methodists. Bible study.

Pilate, Pontius. -c39. Roman governor of Judea, who allowed Christ’s crucifixion.

Pilgrim Fathers. 1620. English religious Separatists who sailed on Mayflower to avoid persecution.

Pilgrimage of Grace. 1536. Catholic uprising in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire against dissolution of monasteries, taxation and inflation.

Pillnitz, Declaration of. 1791. Holy Roman Empire, Prussia support Restoration in France. French Revolutionary Wars.

Pinel, Philippe. 1745-1826. French physician. Revolutionized care of the insane at Salpêtrière with humane treatment.

Pinturricchio. c1454-1513. Italian religious painter. Vatican frescoes 1492.

Pisano, Giovanni. c1254-1314. Italian Gothic sculptor, son of Nicola Perouse Fountain 1278. Pistoia Cathedral pulpit 1301. PIsa Cathedral pulpit 1302-10.

Pissarro, Camille. 1830-1903. French Impressionist painter of street scenes. Boulevard Montmartre 1897.

Pius IX. 1792-1878. Pope 1846-. Longest reign. Defined Immaculate Conception 1854 Papal Infallibility. Syllabus Errorum 1864 criticized Liberalism.

Place, Francis. 1771-1854. Fought Combination Act, 1822. Advocated birth control, 1827.

Plague. 429-425BC Athens. 33% died. 1347-53 Europe. (Black Death). Killed 25-50% population. 1603~65 England. 1720 Provençe. 1710 Scandinavia. 1894 China, Hong Kong. 100,000 died, 10M around world.

Plaid Cymru. 1925-. Welsh party seeks Dominion status.

Plain. Moderate party in French Revolution. Montagnards.

Plantagenet, Richard. Duke of York. 1411-60. Protector during king’s insanity, 1454. Claims to succession led to War of Roses.

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