Mboya, Tom. 1930-69. Kenyan Nationalist leader. Assassinated.

McCormick, Cyrus. 1809-84. US inventor of reaper 1834. Founded International Harvester.

McNaughton, Andrew. 1887-1966. Canadian WWII commander in England. Invented direction finder.

Medieval Art. 10-13C. Religious Gothic.

Meiji. 1852-1912. Japanese Empire. 1867-. Modernization. New constitution. Abolished feudalism. Made Japan a world power. Ended isolationism. Tokugawa.

Meitner, Lise. 1878-1968. Austrian. First uranium fission 1938.

Melanchthon, Philip. 1497-1560. German Lutheran theologian educationist. Dogmatic Protestant 1521, introduced term. Augsburg Confession 1530. Ethics 1538.

Melfi, Constitution of. 1231. Administrative law code of Sicily. Basis of later law codes.

Mellon, Andrew. 1855-1937. US financier. Donated art, money to found National Gallery.

Memling, Hans. c1433-94. Flemish painter. Passion Triptych 1491.

Memnon. Ethiopian king killed at Troy by Achilles.

Mendeleyev, Dmitri. 1834-1907. Russian chemist: periodic classification of the elements 1869.

Mendicant Friars. 13C-. Religious orders depending on alms. Franciscans, Dominicans, Augustinians, Carmelites.

Mennonites. 1536. Christian pacifist congregationalist sect based on Anabaptists but teaching conservatism.

Mensheviks. 1903-22. Pacifist minority Social Democratic Workers Party members under Martov split from Bolsheviks. Sought gradual vs revolutionary socialism. Suppressed after October Revolution.

Mercantilism. 16-18C. Economic policy opposed to Adam Smith’s. Regulation of industry and trade. Large armies. Wealth of nation is its gold.

Mercator, Gerardus. 1512-94. Flemish cartographer. Projection of globe onto flat surface 1569. Atlas 1595.

Merton, Provision of. 1236. Oldest Act of English Parliament.

Mesopotamia. 5000BC. Tigris-Euphrates river plain where civilization began. 550BC Persia. 331BC Alexander. 115 Rome. 637 Moslem. 13C Mongol. 1534 Ottoman. Babylon. Akkad. Ur. Iraq.

Messiaen, Olivier. 1908-92. Revolutionary French composer. Experimented with Indian music, bird song, complex rhythms, unusual instruments.

Metaphysical Painting. 1911-20. Bizarre surreal imagery in stark landscape. De Chirico.

Metastasio, Pietro. 1698-1782. Italian librettist for Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Mozart.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

Metaxas, Ioannis. 1871-1941. Greek dictator 1936-. Repelled Italian invasion 1940.

Metchnikov, Ilya. 1845-1916. Russian zoologist, microbiologist. Discovered phagocytosis 1886.

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