Labour Party. 1888 Scotland. 1890 NZ. 1891 Australia. 1900 Britain. 1930 Israel. Founded by unions, Fabians for democratic change towards socialism. First UK MPs elected 1906. First UK Labour government 1924.

Labrouste, Henri. 1801-75. French architect. Early use of iron. Bibliothèque Nationale 1862.

Ladislaus I. 1040-95. King of Hungary 1077-. National hero, defeated Poles, Russians, Tatars. Conquered Croats.

Lafayette. 1757-1834. French revolutionary general and political leader in American Revolution, 1776, French Revolutions, 1789, 1830.

Lagos, Battle. 1759. British navy stops French invasion of England.

Laing, R.D. 1927-89. British Existential psychologist. Madness as form of self-expression.

Lamaism. 1577-. Buddhist state religion of Tibet.

Lamarck, Jean de. 1744-1829. French evolutionary biologist. Classified vertebrates 1809. Transformism 1809. Lysenko.

Lamartine, Alphonse de. 1790-1869. French Romantic poet. Méditations Poétiques 1820.

Lanark. 1779-1830. Owen’s cooperative Scottish business. 10½ hour day. Health and pension insurance.

Land Decree. 1917. Confiscation of private property in Russia.

Land League. 1879. Irish association to reduce rents. Agitated for Home Rule. Parnell.

Landowski, Paul. 1875-1961. Sculptor: St. Genevieve on Tournelle Bridge, Paris, 1928; la Réformation, Geneva, 1912-18.

Laos. 14C Buddhist Lan Xang. 18C Vientiane(C)/ Luang Prabang(N)/ Champassak(S). 19C Siam. 1893 French protectorate. 1942 Japanese occupy. 1946 French. 1953 Independent...civil wars. 1975 Lao People’s Democratic Republic. 1991 New Constitution and freedoms.

Larousse, Pierre. 1817-75. French lexicographer. Great Universal Dictionary of the XIXth Century 1866-76.

Las Casas, Bartolomé de. 1474-1566. Spanish missionary to South America. New Laws 1542. Historia de las Indias.

Lassalle, Ferdinand. 1825-64. German Socialist. 1848 Revolutionary Movement.

Lateran Synod. 1059. Papal election procedure.

Latimer, Hugh. 1485-1555. English Protestant Reformation churchman. Executed by Mary I.

La Tour, Maurice de. 1704-88. French portraitist. Influenced by Caravaggio.

Latvia. 9C Varangian. 1158 Teutonic Knights. 1561 Poland(S). 1629 Sweden(N). 1721 Russian(N)...1795 Russian(all). 1918 Independent republic. 1934 Ulmanis dictator. 1940 USSR. 1941-45 German occupation. 1991 Independent.

Lausanne, Treaty. 1912. Turkey cedes Tripoli to Italy after Italo-Turkish War. 1932. Ended German WWI reparations despite US rejection.

Lavalleja, Juan. 1784-1853. Uruguay revolutionary. Led 33 Immortals. Independence from Brazil.

Lavater, Johann. 1741-1801. Swiss father of physiognomics, 1775.

Lavoisier, Antoine. 1743-94. French “father of modern chemistry”. Oxygen in combustion 1772. Guillotined.

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