Arab League. 1945. Non-aggression and cooperation treaty of Arab states. Collective Treaty of Defence, 1950, to defend against Israeli aggression.

Arafat, Yasir. 1929-2004. Arab Fatah PLO leader. President of Palestinian Authority 1996-.

Aranjuez, Revolt. 1808. Forced abdication of Charles IV (Spain) and dismissed Prime Minister.

Araucanian Wars. 1530-1870. Chile, Argentina. Natives forced onto reservations.

Arc de Triomphe. Paris monument. Commissioned 1806 by Napoleon. Completed 1836.

Arcadia. Ancient Greek region of Peloponnesus. Megalopolis.

Arcadian League. 370-362BC. Union of states vs Sparta.

Archaic Period of Greek Art. c650-500BC. Egyptian influenced sculpture. Mythological vase painting.

Archangels. Chief angels of Christian, Judaic, Islamic, other religions.

Argus. 100 eyed keeper of Io, killed by Hermes. Hera gave eyes to the peacock.

Arion. Greek bard rescued by dolphin.

Ariosto, Ludovico. 1474-1533. Italian Renaissence poet, playwright: Orlando Furioso 1516.

Aristotle. 384-322BC. Greek philosopher, founder of Peripatetics: Unified theory of knowledge. Matter, potentially alive, strives to attain its living form. Stressed observation and logic. Deductive Reasoning. Free Will.

Arnold, Benedict. 1741-1801. American Revolution general. Betrayed US.

Arnolfo di Cambio. c1245-1302. Architect, Florence Cathedral.

Arrhenius, Svante. 1859-1927. Swedish physicist, discoverer of ions.

Art Nouveau. (Jugendstil). 1885-1910. Originally English style of art and architecture. Reaction to Industrial uniformity. Beardsley. Tiffany. Gaudi.

Articles of Confederation. 1781-9. First US Constitution.

Artigas, José. 1764-1850. Uruguay revolutionary leader. “Father of Uruguayan independence”.

Aryabhata. 476-550. Hindu astronomer. Explained eclipses, earth’s rotation.

Aryans. 2000BC. Nomads from Steppes spread to India. Founded Indus Civilization, 3240-2750BC. Hyksos Empire in Syria, 1720-1550BC. Introduced horse chariots. Basis for all Indo-European languages.

Ascension. Jesus’ rise to heaven 40 days after Resurrection.

Asceticism. Self denial of sensual and material pleasures. Advocated by many religious sects.

Aske, Robert. -1537. Led Pilgrimage of Grace against Henrician Reformation.

Asoka. 269-232BC. Indian Maurya Emperor. Buddhist convert, missionary.

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