Grotefend, George. 1775-1853. German. Deciphered Cuneiform 1802. Behistun.

Group of Seven. 1920-74. Canadian Impressionist painters. MacDonald, Harris, Lismer, Varley, Carmichael, Johnston, Jackson. Thomson 1913.

Guarantees, Law of. 1871. Failed to define relationship between papacy and Italian government. Lateran Treaty, 1929.

Guatemala. Maya. 1523 Spain. 1822 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1839 Independent. Many Mayan revolts. 1954 CIA led coup. Military Dictatorship. 1980-96 Genocide. 1996 Peace.

Guelfs and Ghibellines. 1154-15C. Rival factions responsible for feuds in Germany and Italy. Welfs.

Guerra Santa (Holy War). 1848. Unsuccessful Italian revolution. Garibaldi. Mazzini.

Guevara, Che. 1928-67. Argentine revolutionary in Cuba, Bolivia. Revolution must precede communism.

Guilds. 11C-. Associations of merchants and craftsmen creating monopolistic protection.

Guise, Charles de. 1524-74. Cardinal. Brought Inquisition to France.

Guise, Francois, duc de. 1519-63. Massacred Huguenots at Vassy, 1562, starting War of Religion.

Gujrat, Battle. 1849. British defeat Sikhs, annex Punjab.

Gustav I. Vasa. 1496-1560. Elected Swedish king 1523-. Defeated Danes, dissolved Kalmar Union.

Haakon VII. 1872-1957. King of Norway after separation from Sweden, 1905. In exile 1940-45.

Hague Conferences. 1899, 1907. Arms limitation talks banned poison gas, dum-dum bullets. Established World Court.

Hahn, Otto. 1879-1968. German discoverer of Uranium fission 1938.

Haig, Douglas. 1861-1928. British Commander-in-Chief France 1915-19. War of Attrition.

Haile Selassie. 1892-1975. Emperor of Ethiopia, 1930~74. Modernized and reformed country. Deposed.

Hale, Nathan. 1755-76. American Revolutionary spy. Executed by British -“I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”.

Halifax, First Earl of. 1661-1715. English Whig statesman. Started National Debt. Established Bank of England. 1694.

Halifax Explosion. 1917. French arms boat explodes in harbour. 2000 casualties. Biggest man-made explosion until Hiroshima.

Haller, Albrecht von. 1708-77. Swiss anatomist. “Father of experimental physiology”.

Hallstatt. ~1100BC. Pioneer iron-age culture in Austria. Spread to Spain, Greece.

Hamas. 1987-. Militant terrorist movement for elimination of Israel and establishment of a Palestinian state. Denounced 1993 peace agreement. PLO.

Hambach Festival. 1832. Young Germany demonstration.

Hamilton, William Rowan. 1805-65. Irish mathematician. Unification of optics and dynamics. Quaternion Theory.

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