Internationale. Revolutionary song based on a poem by Pottier, 1871. Music by Degeyter.

Iran. (Persia). 3000BC Elamite. 9C BC Median. 549 Achaemenid emp. 330 Alexander...Seleucid. 2C BC Arsacid. 224 Sassanid. 7C Moslem. 10C Local dynasties. 11C Seljuk Turks. 13C Mongol. 1501 Safavid. 1736 Nader Shah. 1795 Kajar dynasty 19C Britain, Russia dispute. 1925 Pahlavi coup. 1935 = Iran. 1979 Islamic Revolution, Khomeini dictator. Islamic Republic.

Iroquois League. (League of 5 Nations). 1570-. Confederation of Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca. Fought for English in American Revolution, Seven Years War.

Islamic Revolution. 1979. Ayatollah Khomeini led overthrow of Pahlavi in Iran.

Jacobins. 1789-94. Robespierre-led radical democratic French Revolutionary group. In power 1793-4. -“Holy League against the enemies of liberty”.

Jacobites. 1688-1753. Supporters of exiled James II and Stuart line after Glorious Revolution. 1715 “Old Pretender” James fails to claim British throne. 1745-6. Bonnie Prince Charlie unable to reclaim throne of England/Scotland. Stuart supporters aided rebels in Scotland and Ireland. Culloden Moor.

James II. 1633-1701. King of Great Britain 1685-8. Exiled 1689- in France. Supported Catholics. Bloody Assizes. Glorious Revolution overthrew him.

January Insurrection. 1863-4. Unsuccessful Polish revolution vs Russia.

Jones, John Paul. 1747-92. Scottish/American US Revolutionary naval hero. -“I have not yet begun to fight”.

Jourdan, Jean. 1762-1833. French Revolutionary marshal. Introduced conscription 1798. Victor at Fleurus.

July Ordinances. 1830. Charles X attempts to censor press and alter electoral process causing July Revolution.

July Revolution. 1830. France. Thiers. Charles X abdicates and flees to England. Louis-Philippe ascends. Caused by July Ordinances.

Kellerman, François. 1735-1820. French general. Defeated Prussia at Valmy, 1792, saving Revolutionary France.

Kerensky, Aleksandr. 1881-1970. Russian Revolutionary leader. Prime Minister 1917. Liberal Socialist Provisional government.

Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah. 1901-89. Iranian Shi’ite Moslem Fundamentalist leader. Exiled 1963-79. Dictator 1979-. Islamic Revolution.

Kickapoo Indians. North America midwest warriors. Fought Americans in American Revolution, War of 1812, Black Hawk War. Resettled in Kansas.

Kosciusko, Tadeusz. 1746-1817. Polish. Led Rebellion 1794-7 vs occupiers. 3rd Partition of Poland. American Revolution war officer.

Kossuth, Lajos. 1802-94. Hungarian Revolution leader, 1848-9.

Kropotkin, Pyotr. 1842-1921. Russian revolutionary, anarchist.

Lafayette. 1757-1834. French revolutionary general and political leader in American Revolution, 1776, French Revolutions, 1789, 1830.

Lassalle, Ferdinand. 1825-64. German Socialist. 1848 Revolutionary Movement.

Lavalleja, Juan. 1784-1853. Uruguay revolutionary. Led 33 Immortals. Independence from Brazil.

Le Duc Tho. 1911-90. Vietnamese Communist leader, revolutionary. Paris Peace Conference. (Refused)

Lenin, Vladimir Illyich. 1870-1924. Russian Bolshevik revolutionary. Dictator 1917-. Created authoritarian, elite, disciplined organization.

Leninism. Applied Dialectical Materialism. World Proletariat Revolution. Dictatorship of the Proletariat, then transition to Communism. Authoritarian conspiratorial elite conscious of imperative of history. “Freedom in discussion-unity in action”.

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