Zimbabwe. 11C Shona. 15C Karanga Empire. 16C Portugal explores. 1890 British South Africa Co. 1911 Southern Rhodesia. 1953 +Nyasaland. 1964 =Rhodesia. 1965 Declared indepence, international sanctions. 1979 Independent. =Zimbabwe. ZAPU. ZANU. Mugabe.

AFL-CIO. American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations. AFL 1886. CIO 1935. Merged, 1955. US labour union federation.

Attlee, Clement. 1883-1967. British Labour Prime Minister. 1945-51. National Health. Nationalization.

Ben Gurion, David. 1886-1973. Polish/Israeli Labour pol. First Prime Minister of Israel, 1948~63. “Architect of Israel”.

Bevin, Ernest. 1881-1951. British labour leader, statesman. TUC. Initiated Colombo Plan.

Booth, Charles. 1840-1916. English social reformer. 17 volume Life and Labour of the People in London 1891-1903.

Bourgeoisie. French merchant, craft class. Marxist term for those who do not live by the sale of their labour. Proletariat.

Buchenwald. 1937-45. Nazi concentration camp. Medical research, slave labour. 52,500 dead.

Callaghan, James. 1912-. British Labour Prime Minister 1976-9.

Concentration Camps. 1862-65 USA. 1899-1902. British internment of Boers in South Africa. 1922-91. USSR. 1933-45 Nazi prisons for extermination and slave labour. Buchenwald. Auschwitz. Dachau. 1942-6 US Relocation Centers. 1942-46 Canada. 1950’s Kenya. 1973 Chile.

Coolie.19C Chinese indentured labourer.

Corvée. Statute labour. Abolished 1792 Fr, 1891 Egypt.

Drexler, Anton. Founded German Labour Party 1919...National Socialist Party.

Durkheim, Emile. 1858-1917. French sociologist. Division of Labour in Society 1893.

Encomienda. 16-18C Spanish system of Indian forced labour.

Fabian Society. 1883. English non-revolutionary socialist movement. Founded Labour Party. Shaw.

Factory Acts. England. 1802 Apprentices 12 hr day. 1819 Minimum age 9. 1833. Limited child labour to 8 hours and education required 1844 Women, children 10 hr max. 1842 No women/children in mines. 1920 Minimum age 14. US 1844 Women 12 hr max. 1874 Women/children 10 hr max.

Haymarket Riot. 1886. Anarchist bomb kills 7 police at Chicago labour demonstration.

Henderson, Arthur. 1863-1935. British organizer of Labour Party.

Heracles. Son of Zeus, noted for his twelve labours. =Hercules.

Industrial Workers of the World. IWW. 1905-25. Radical militant US labour union of unskilled workers.

International Labour Organization. ILO. 1919- Agency of League of Nations, United Nations.

Kagawa. 1888-1960. Japanese Christian pacifist evangelist writer/labour leader. National Anti-War League 1928.

Knights of Labor. 1869-1917. Secret (-1879) US anti-capitalist labour organization. Haymarket. AFL.

Krupp. 1587-1968. German family of arms manufacturers. Steel works 1812. Canon 1847. Used slave labour in WWII.

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