Mark’s, St. 902-1484. Venice church and campanile.

Marshall, John. 1755-1835. US Chief Justice. Marbury-Madison.

Maurice, Friedrich. 1805-72. English theologian. Christian Socialist founder.

Maurice of Nassau. 1567-1625. Prince of Orange 1618-. Dutch military leader. Fought Spanish 1590s.

Mencken, H.L. 1880-1956. US iconoclast critic. American Language. Prejudices 1919-27.

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 1908-61. French philosopher blending existentialism, Marxism, phenomenology.

MGB. 1946-53. USSR Secret Police. KGB.

MI5. 1909. British Security Service responsible for counterintelligence and internal security.

MI6. 1912. British Secret Intelligence Service. Overseas intelligence and strategic services. Continuation of 16C Secret Service.

Minutemen. American Revolution soldiers pledged to take the field on a minute’s notice.

Miranda Decision. 1966. US Supreme Court protects rights vs self-incrimination. Required police warning, “You have the right to remain silent...”.

Mithraism. 5C BC-4C. Persian worship of Mithra, sun god of wisdom. Influenced Christianity. Adopted by Romans in Britain. Bull sacrifice.

Moloch. Canaanite deity to whom children were sacrificed. Pseudonym for Yahweh.

Monticello. 1770. Federalist style Virginian estate of Jefferson.

Mortmain. Land ownership by a corporation unable to die or provide services.

Mountbatten, Louis, First earl. 1900-79. British admiral and statesman. Allied commander SE Asia. Last Viceroy of India. Killed by IRA terrorists.

Muhammad ’Ali Pasha. 1769-1849. Egyptian Viceroy 1805-48. Killed Mameluks. Aided Ottomans vs Greeks. Dynasty ruled Egypt to 1952.

Nabis. 1890s. French painters opposed to Impressionism. Bold colors. Influenced Abstract Art. Bonnard. Denis.

Napoleonic Code. 1804-. French laws standardized. Personal liberty, equality, justice, divorce, marriage, property rights. Still in use.

National Health Service. 1948-. British system of socialized medicine.

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

Nero. 37-68. Cruel, licentious Roman Emperor 54-. Persecuted Christians. Killed mother, wife. Blamed for fire, 63. Golden House.

Newspapers.1566 Venice (first). 1594 Mercurius Gallobelgious England. 1621 Batter England. 1662 First censorship. 1690 Boston. 1702 Daily Courant, first daily.

Nicaea, Council. 325. Debate of Athanasius and Arius resolved Nicene Creed, not Easter dates. 787. Temporarily resolved Iconoclasm.

Nicene Creed. 325. Tenets of Christian faith. Interpretation of Trinity, adding filioque led to East-West Schism. Nicaea.

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