Emerson, Ralph Waldo. 1803-82. US essayist/ poet. Transcendentalist. Woodnotes 1846, Brahma 1867, English Traits 1856, Self-Reliance.

Émigrés. Royalist sympathizers who fled France during Revolution.

Emmet, Robert. 1778-1803. Leader of failed Irish nationalist uprising. Executed.

Empiricism. Philosophy maintaining that all valid human knowledge is gained from experience.

Engels, Friedrich. 1820-95. German socialist philosopher. Communist Manifesto 1848. Marx. Coined “Industrial Revolution” 1845. Finished Das Kapital 1894.

Enlightenment. 17-18C. Intellectual movement. Rationalism, natural laws vs dogma, authority. J-J Rousseau. Smith. Mendlessohn. Fontenelle. Voltaire. Montesquieu. Hume. Berkeley. Sturm und Drang.

Epidaurus. Ancient Greek healing center.

Epiphenomenalism. Mind exists only as a process within the physical system of matter. Cannot exist without it. Hobbes.

Episcopalianism. Church government by bishops.

Epoch of Civil War. 1863-80. Colombian liberals vs conservatives. Núñez forms coalition.

Escher, M.C. 1898-1971. Dutch graphic artist. Optical illusion, surrealistic effects.

Ethiopia. c1000BC Semite. 1C Aksumite Kingdom. 10C Zagwe dynasty. 1270 Solomonic dynasty. 17C Divided. 1855 Re-united. 1935 Italy (Italian East Africa). 1941 Independent. 1952 +Eritrea. 1974 Coup, Republic. 1993 -Eritrea.

Eucken, Rudolf. 1846-1926. German philosopher: personal ethics are more important than intellectual idealism.

Eustachio, Bartolomeo. -1574. Italian anatomist. Eustachian tube. Anatomy of Ear 1552.

Evangelicalism. Protestant churches that follow literal biblical interpretation.

Evatt, Herbert. 1894-1965. Australian statesman. Major influence on UN charter.

Excaliber. Sword of King Arthur.

Existentialism. Philosophy. Existence is concrete. Man has choice. Responsibility, freedom. Anti-conformism. Kierkegaard. Sartre. Heidegger.

Eyck, Jan van. c1389-1441. Flemish realist painter. Ghent altarpiece 1432. Developed use of oils.

Eyre, Edward. 1815-1901. British explorer in Australia. Dismissed as governor of Jamaica for cruel repression of 1865 revolt.

Ezzelino III da Ramono. 1194-1259. Cruel ruler of northern Italy. Subject of Dante’s Inferno.

Fabian Society. 1883. English non-revolutionary socialist movement. Founded Labour Party. Shaw.

Faisal I. 1885-1933. Self proclaimed king of Syria 1920. Deposed. King of Iraq 1921-.

Faisal II. 1935-58. Pro-western last Iraqi king 1939-. Killed in coup.

Farinelli, Carlo. 1705-82. Italian castrato soprano.

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