Chesterton, G.K. 1874-1936. English satirical essayist/novelist: Napoleon of Notting Hill 1904. “Socialism aims to take capital out of the hands of the few and put it into the hands of the fewer-the politicians.”

Chetniks. 1907-45. Serbian nationalist guerillas.

Chevalier, Maurice. 1888-1972. French singer and actor. Innocents of Paris 1929.

Chirico, Giorgio de. 1888-1978. Greek/It surrealist painter.

Chouans. 1793-1815. Breton peasants and smugglers, joined Vendée Royalists.

Christian X. Danish king 1912-47. Symbol of Danish Resistance. Imprisoned by Nazis 1943-5. Women’s vote 1915. Independent Iceland 1918.

Christian Socialism. 19C. Kingsley’s appeal to upper class to help the masses.

Chuikov, Vasily. 1900-82. Russian WWII General. Defended Stalingrad.

Cid, El. (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar). c1043-99. Spanish hero, who fought for Moors and Christians. Idealized in 1140 epic El Cantar de mio Cid. Conquered and ruled Valencia 1094-99.

Cimabue, Giovanni. c1240-1302. Italian painter. Broke from Byzantine to natural style by characterizing individuals. St. John. Pisa Cathedral. Sta Trinita Madonna c1290.

Cimarosa, Dominico. 1749-1801. Italian comic opera composer.

Cisalpine Republic. 1797-1802. North Italy, created by Napoleon. 1802 Italian Republic. 1805-15 Kingdom of Italy.

Citroën, André. 1878-1935. French Industrialist, automobile company.

Clare, Gilbert de. 1243-95. Led Barons War, but became Royalist.

Classical. 500-300BC Greek Art. Idealized figure sculptures. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian architecture. Praxiteles. Roman Art. 1C BC-2C AD. Greek forms; added arch. Sculpture: realistic portraits, dramatic bas-relief.

Clovis I. 465-511. Salian Frankish king 481-. Conquered N Gaul. Baptized at Reims. Moved capital to Paris in 506. First Merovingian king of France.

Coalition, Wars of. 1792-1815. European powers oppose France’s revolutionary ideas and expansion. French Revolutionary Wars. Napoleonic Wars. Third Coalition War.

Cole, George. 1889-1959. English economist/journalist: The Intelligent Man’s Guide Through World Chaos.

Collodi, Carlo. 1826-90. Italian writer. Pinocchio.

Comoros. 8C Moslem. 1527 Europeans explore. 1886 France. 1975 Independent.

Concentration Camps. 1862-65 USA. 1899-1902. British internment of Boers in South Africa. 1922-91. USSR. 1933-45 Nazi prisons for extermination and slave labour. Buchenwald. Auschwitz. Dachau. 1942-6 US Relocation Centers. 1942-46 Canada. 1950’s Kenya. 1973 Chile.

Conceptualism. Reality has no objective existence; it is a concept in the mind. Abelard.

Concini, Concino. -1617. Italian favourite of Marie de Medici. Marshal of France. Executed.

Condillac, Étienne de. 1715-80. French sensualist philosopher. Locke follower.

Condottieri. 14-15C. Ineffective Italian mercenary leaders.

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