Bruno, Giordano. 1548-1600. Italian Copernican philosopher opposed to dogma. Burned as heretic.

Bryant, William. 1794-1878. US poet/journalist. Founded Republican Party. Evening Post.

Buchenwald. 1937-45. Nazi concentration camp. Medical research, slave labour. 52,500 dead.

Buchmanism. 1922-65. Christian revivalist movement stressing honesty, purity, love, unselfishness. =Moral Rearmament 1938. Oxford Group.

Buffon, Georges. 1707-88. Naturalist, founded Botanical Gardens, Paris. 36 vol Natural History 1753.

Buffons, War of. 1752. Paris intellectuals debate Italian vs French opera. Rousseau.

Bukharin, Nikolay. 1888-1938. Russian Bolshevik. Shot in Stalin’s Purge. Rehabilitated 1988.

Bull Moose. 1912-16. Liberal Republicans for Roosevelt in first US Progressive Party.

Burke, Edmund. 1729-97. English conservative writer, traditionalist political philosopher. Advocated emancipation of American colonies. Founded Annual Register 1758. Reflections on Revolution in France 1790.

Bushrangers. 19C Australian bandits in outback. Kelly.

Busoni, Ferruccio. 1866-1924. Italian neoclassical, anti-Romantic composer in Liszt tradition. Fantasia 1903-4.

Byzantine Empire. 395-1453. Eastern Roman Empire. Reduced by: 634 Caliphate Empire, 1042 Seljuks, 1204 Crusaders’ Latin Empire, 1453 Ottoman Empire.

Cabrillo, Juan. -1543. Portuguese explorer. Discovered California for Spain.

Caccini, Giulio. 1550-1618. Italian composer. Monodic music, early operas.

Cadoudal, Georges. 1771-1804. French Royalist leader. Plotted Napoleon’s assassination. Executed.

Cagliorosto. 1743-95. Italian charlatan in Louis XIV court. Diamond Necklace Affair.

Cahenslyism. 19C European Roman Catholics in US press Pope for pastors and parishes of their nationality.

California. 1542 Spain. 1769 Spanish colonize. Serra. 1822 Mexico. 1848 US. 1850 State.

Caligula, Gaius. 12-41. Ruthless Roman Emperor.

Caliphate Empire. 632-1258. Moslem Empire founded by Muhammad. From Afghanistan to north Africa and Spain. Umayyad. Abbasid.

Calvinism. New concept of work. Diligence, frugality, beyond satisfaction of material needs. Predestination. Strict Rectitude. Presbyterianism. Calvin. Remonstrants.

Camel, Battle of the. 656. Basra. Ali victory in first Moslem Civil War.

Campanella, Tommaso. 1568-1639. Italian monk, philosopher. City of the Sun 1602 parallels Plato’s Republic.

Camus, Albert. 1913-60. Existentialist absurd French writer: l’Étranger, Caligula.

Capitalism. System of private ownership of property and industry for profit. Free enterprise. Smith.

865 more results ...