Hohenzollern. German family which ruled Prussia 1415-1918, united Germany 1871-1918. Kings of Romania 1866-1947.

Holy Alliance. 1815. Russia, Prussia, Austria ally to preserve Christian principles, peace and monarchies. All European rulers but 3 joined.

Horthy, Miklós. 1868-1957. Hungarian ruler 1920-44.

Hyksos. Semitic invaders of Egypt on horse and chariot. Ruled 1675-1550BC.

Interregnum, Great. 1254-73. HRE without ruler between Hohenstaufen and Hapsburg dynasties.

Intolerable Acts. 1774. British response to Boston Tea Party, Gaspee burning. Closed Boston Harbor. Established military government. Midwest under Quebec rule...Continental Congress.

Japan. 660BC Empire founded by legendary Jimmu. 5C AD First unified state. c552 Buddhism. 1192 First Shogun ruler. 1543 European contact (Portugal). 1639 Isolation. 1868 Meiji restoration. 1945-52 Allies occupy. 1947 Constitutional monarchy.

July Monarchy. Rule of Louis-Philippe.

June Days. 1848. Paris workers uprising. Cavaignac’s military rule kills 10,000 to restore order.

Karens. S.Burmese tribes resisting rule.

Kulikovo, Battle. 1380. Russia defeats Golden Horde, ending Tatar rule.

Lamian War. 323-322BC. Greek city-states rebel vs Macedonian rule. Defeated by Antipater.

Lauderdale, John. 1616-82. Scottish statesman. Cabal Ministry. Repressive rule of Scotland.

Leo XIII. 1810-1903. Pope 1878-. Rerum Novarum 1891: right to private property. Ended opposition to scientific progress. Longest papal rule.

León. 910-1230. Spanish kingdom. Ruled Galicia, Asturias; Portugal to 1143. 1230 +Castile.

Leopold II. 1835-1909. King of Belgians 1865-. Ruled Congo ruthlessly.

Lese Majesty. Crime against state or its ruler. Treason.

Limerick Capitulation. 1691. Confirmed English rule and Protestant land ownership in Ireland.

London Declaration. 1909. Proposed rules for naval warfare. Not ratified.

Longchamp, William. -1197. English Chancellor. Ruled in Richard I’s absence 1190-1. Arranged ransom 1193 ending John’s rebellion.

Louis IV. c1283-1347. German king 1314-. Holy Roman Emperor, 1328-. German electors overrule Pope to make him Emperor.

Macao. 1557 Portuguese settle. 1849 Free port. 1887 Treaty confirms Portugal rule.

Malatesta. 13-16C. Italian family. Ruled Rimini.

Mantua, Siege. 1796-7. Napoleon defeats Austria to rule Italy.

Maupeou, René. 1714-92. French chancellor dissolved Parlement 1771, creating absolute rule.

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