Navigation Acts. 14-19C. Limited trade to England and colonies to British ships.

Nazi-Soviet Pact. German-Soviet Pact.

Noguchi, Isamu. 1904-88. Japanese/US abstract sculptor. UNESCO Garden, Paris 1958.

Nominalism. Philosophy. Abstractions do not exist. Things are their names. Vs Realists. Aristotle. Roscelin. Hobbes.

Nonconformists. Those who do not subscribe to a state religion. Act of Uniformity.

Objectivism. 20C philosophy of Ayn Rand. Egoism. One should act in self-interest. Altruism is a weakness.

O’Connell, Daniel. 1775-1847. Irish leader. Founded Catholic Association, 1823. Election to Parliament led to Catholic Emancipation Act, 1829.

October Manifesto. 1905. Nicholas II response to Russian Revolution. If enacted would have created a consititutional monarchy. Octobrists.

Octobrists. 1905-17. Russian party seeking enactment of October Manifesto.

O’Keefe, Georgia. 1887-1986. US semi-abstract artist.

Orangemen. 1795- Irish Protestant political faction.

Osler, William. 1849-1919. Canadian/British physician. Blood platelets 1873. Principles and Practice of Medicine 1892.

Oxford Movement. 1833-45. Christian Socialist Tractarian movement for return to RC ritual, dogma in Anglican Church.

Paracelsus. 1493-1541. Swiss alchemist, physician. Chemical drugs. Named zinc. Practica 1529. Hypnotism. Great Surgery Book 1536.

Parliament. British Monarch, House of Lords and Commons. 1295 Model Parliament. 1688 Glorious Revolution. 1911 Parliament Act. Curia Regis. Name of legislatures of most former British colonies.

Parliament Act. 1911. House of Lords loses veto after opposing tax on wealthy. Commons term 5 yrs.

Peel, Robert. 1788-1850. English Prime Minister 1834~46. London police force 1829. Income Tax 1842. Founded Conservative Party. Bank Charter Act. Repealed Corn Laws 1846.

Pendleton Civil Service Act. 1883. US creates merit based civil service system vs Spoils System.

Penry, John. 1559-93. Welsh Puritan executed for Marprelate Tracts.

Petersburg Campaign. 1864-5. Virginia. Final action of American Civil War leading to Confederate defeat.

Phrynichus. c512-476BC. Athenian playwright. First women characters. Capture of Miletus 494BC.

Physiognomism. Belief in the relationship between personality types and facial characteristics. Lavater. Aristotle.

Pickford, Mary. 1893-1979. Canadian/US silent film actress.

Pirandello, Luigi. 1867-1936. Italian dramatist:Six Characters in Search of an Author 1921.

Place, Francis. 1771-1854. Fought Combination Act, 1822. Advocated birth control, 1827.

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