Fouché, Joseph. 1758-1820. French Revolutionary. Minister of Police 1779~1815. Secret police. Intrigued vs Robespierre 1794, Napoleon 1799,1807; Louis XVIII 1814.

Frederick III. 1609-70. King of Norway and Denmark, 1648-. Lost much of territory to Sweden.

Garter, Order of. c1348. First Order of British Knighthood. Founded by Edward III. “Honi soit qui mal y pense”. Shame on him who thinks evil of it.

George III. 1738-1820. King of Great Britain and Ireland 1760-. Supported King’s Friends. Political instability. American Revolution. Insane 1810-.

Glencoe Massacre. 1692. Campbells kill 38 MacDonalds for late oath of allegiance to King William.

Glorious Revolution. 1688. British Protestant William and Mary depose James II. Declaration of Rights, Bill of Rights 1689.

Good Parliament. 1376. Reforms against Edward III. Nullified 1377.

Granicus, Battle. 334BC. Alexander’s First victory; defeats Darius III of Persia.

Gregory XIII. 1502-85. Pope 1572-. Gregorian calendar.

Harald III. Norwegian king 1047-66. Killed invading England.

Hungarian Uprising. 1703-11. Ferenc Rákóczi II led vs Hapsburg centralism. No real change achieved. 1956. Student-led revolt crushed by Russian troops. Kádár puppet government established. Nagy executed.

Innocent III. c1160-1216. Pope 1198-. Peak power of papacy. Fourth Crusade. Authorized incorporation of University of Paris 1215. Placed Inquisition under Franciscans and Dominicans. Crowned Frederick II.

Innocent VIII. 1432-92. Pope 1484-. Authorized Inquisition against witchcraft 1484.

Isabella. 1292-1358. Ousted husband Edward II in favour of son, Edward III, 1327.

Issus, Battle. 333BC. Alexander the Great defeats Persians under Darius III.

Ivan III. The Great. 1440-1505. United Russia 1478. Ended Tartar domination.

James III. 1452-88. King of Scotland 1460-. Killed by rebels at Sauchieburn.

John III. 1629-96. King of Poland 1674-. “Champion of Christendom” saved Vienna from Turks 1683.

John III. The Fortunate. 1502-57. King of Portugal 1521-. Instituted Inquisition.

John VIII. -882. Pope 872-. Paid Saracens for protection. Slavs allowed liturgy in Slavic.

Julian Calendar. 45BC-1582. Julius Caesar’s 90 day correction to calendar. Changed to 365.25 day year. Corrected by Gregory. Christian Era.

Ladislaus III. 1424-44. Polish King 1434-. Ladislaus V of Hungary 1440-. Led 2 crusades vs Turks.

Leo III, St. -816. Pope 795-. Crowned Charlemagne recreating Western Roman Empire.

Leo XIII. 1810-1903. Pope 1878-. Rerum Novarum 1891: right to private property. Ended opposition to scientific progress. Longest papal rule.

Leopold III. 1901-83. King of Belgians 1934-51. German prisoner 1940-5. Abdicated.

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