Aga Khan III. 1877-1957. Indian Moslem leader. President, League of Nations, Gen Assembly, 1937.

Alexander III. 1845-1894. Russian Czar 1881-. Established absolute rule using secret police. Temporary Rules. Franco-Russian Alliance.

Alexander III. Pope 1159-81. Instituted papal conclave to elect popes 1179.

Alfonso XIII. 1886-1941. King of Spain 1886-1931. Survived 5 assassination attempts. Support for Primo de Rivera weakened monarchy.

Altranstadt, Peace. 1706 Sweden-Poland: Augustus renounces Polish throne. 1707 Sweden-HRE: HRE buys Swedish neutrality in War of Spanish Succession. 1714 Louis XIV-Charles VI.

Amadeus VIII. Antipope Felix V 1439-49.

Anjala League. 1788-89. Swedish, Finnish officers conspire vs Gustav III to end Russo-Swedish War.

Anne of Austria. 1601-66. Wife of Louis XIII. Founded Feuillantines, 1622; Val-de-Grâce, 1638. Regent for Louis XIV until he became of age.

Anne of Bretagne. 1477-1514. Wife of Charles VIII, 1491, then of Louis XII, 1499. Began union of Brittany with France.

Artaxerxes. I-III. 5-4C BC. Achaemenid kings.

Augustus III. 1696-1763. King of Poland 1734- after War of Polish Succession.

Balliol, Edward. -1363. Invaded Scotland 1332. King 1332-56. Ceded crown to ally Edward III.

Benedict XIII. c1328-1423. Antipope 1394-1417. Great Schism.

Black Prince. Son of Edward III. Captured King John II of France at Poitiers, 1356.

Boniface VIII. c1235-1303. Pope 1294-. Claimed supremacy over kings. Captured by French adviser.

Boris III. 1894-1943. King of Bulgaria, 1918-. Hitler ally, but avoided war w USSR.

Bosworth Field, Battle. 1485. Tudor victory, ended War of Roses. Richard III killed.

Bourges, Pragmatic Sanction. 1438. French Charles VIII supports Gallicanism vs pope.

Boyne, Battle. 1690. James II attempts to retake throne; defeated by William III, ending Catholic Stuart power in Ireland. Celebrated by Orangemen, Jul 12.

Canova, Antonio. 1757-1822. Venetian graceful Neoclassical sculptor. Tomb of Clement XIII. Orpheus 1779. Daedalus 1779. 3 Graces 1815.

Cánovas, Antonio. 1828-97. Spanish premier. Helped restore Alfonso XIII. Wrote constitution.

Catherine II, the Great. 1729-96. Autocratic Empress of Russia, 1762-. Overthrew husband, Peter III. Annexed Crimea, Polish territory.

Celestine V, St. 1209-96. Founded Celestines 1264. 1294 First Pope to abdicate. Imprisoned by Boniface VIII.

Charles I, of Anjou. 1226-85. French King of Naples and Sicily 1246-. Son of Louis VIII. Harsh rule. First Angevin.

Charles III. 1716-88. King of Spain 1759-. Enlightened despot. Lost Florida but strengthened empire.

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