Hermitage. 1764. St Petersburg art museum.

Hesse, Hermann. 1877-1962. German/Swiss writer of psychological, mystical. Siddharta 1922. Steppenwolf 1927. Magister Ludi 1943.

Hestia. Greek goddess of the hearth.

Highland Garb Act. 1746-82. Prohibited wearing of tartan.

Hildebrandt, Johann von. 1668-1745. Austrian Baroque architect. Belvedere Palace 1700.

Hipparchus. c190-120BC. First star catalogue. Epicyclic planetary motion around earth. Astrolabe 130.

Hippolytus, St. c170-235. Italian martyr. First Antipope, 217-.

Hiss, Alger. 1904-96. Alleged communist spy in US State Department. Jailed for perjury 1950-4.

Historia Regum Britanniae. c1135. Geoffrey of Monmouth’s history of Britain from legendary founding. Popularized legends of King Arthur.

Hochelaga. -c1600. Iroquois village at site of Montreal. Discovered 1535 by Cartier.

Hodler, Ferdinand. 1853-1918. Swiss Symbolist artist. The Night 1890.

Hogarth, William. 1697-1764. English satirical mural painter. Founded Royal Academy 1739. Rake’s Progress 1732. Marriage à la Mode 1744. Pantheon 1764.

Holy Roman Empire. 962-1806. Germanic Empire with elected king. Successor to Western Roman Empire. Geographically: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria; most of Italy, Bohemia; part of France. Hapsburg. Austrian Empire.

Honegger, Arthur. 1892-1955. Swiss/French modern composer. Joan of Arc 1935. Les Six.

Hospitallers, Knights. 11C-. Order of St. John. First devoted to aid of pilgrims to Holy Land. Prominent in crusades. Bought Rhodes 1309. Expelled by Ottomans, 1522. Given Malta by Charles V, 1530. Expelled by Napoleon, 1798. = Knights of Malta.

Hu Yaobang. 1915-89. Liberal Chinese Communist Party chairman. Death led to Tiananmen demonstrations.

Huguenots. 1510-18C. Persecuted French Calvinist Protestants. 300,000 expelled 1685. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Wars of Religion. Edict of Nantes. Henry of Navarre. Declaration of Rights of Man, 1789.

Humanae Vitae. 1968. Pope Paul VI Encyclical against artificial birth control.

Hundred Days. 1815. March 20 to July 8; Napoleon’s escape from Elba to his second abdication. 1933. Began Roosevelt’s administration. New Deal enacted.

Hundred Flowers Movement. China. 1956-7. Increased freedom of intellectuals. Criticism of Party led to backlash.

Ibn Tumart. c1080-1130. Berber leader. Demanded moral reform. Founded Almohad Confederation.

Ictinus. 5C BC. Greek artist/architect. Parthenon.

Idealism. Artistic school of thought holding the aesthetic ideal more important than the representation of the subject. vs Realism.

Ignatius of Antioch, St. -c107. Syrian martyr. Clarified Catholic beliefs. -“Catholic Church”.

Impressionism. 1867-86. European art movement named 1874 for Monet’s Impression Sunrise. Direct from nature with colors to render surfaces and lighting effects. Rejected primacy of subject. Renoir, Pissarro, Degas, Cezanne, Manet. Music: 1892-1910. Restraint and ambiguity. Mood music. Debussy.

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