Sturm und Drang. 1760-80. German anti-enlightenment literary movement. Goethe. Klinger.

Suslov, Mikhail. 1902-82. Soviet Communist ideologist. Invasions of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Afghanistan.

Sverdrup, Johan. 1816-92. Norwegian reformer, Prime Minister 1884-9. Trial by jury.

Symbolists. 19C French literary movement expressing truth subjectively by symbols. Spread to art, music. Verlaine. Mallarmé. Munch.

Taj Mahal. Built 1632-54 by Shah Jahan in memory of wife, Mumtaz-Mahal.

Taliban. 1994. Militia created to unite Afghanistan under Sharia, strict Islamic law. Wahabi.

Tallin. 1219 Danish fortress in Estonia. 1285 Hanseatic League. 1346 Teutonic Knights. 1561 Sweden. 1710 Russia. 1918 Estonia.

Tet Offensive. 1968. Giap-led Vietcong attack 100 South Vietnamese cities, proof of strength creates US disenchantment with war.

Tetzel, Johann. c1465-1519. German monk. Sold indulgences by threats causing Luther’s protests.

Thant, U. 1909-74. Burmese statesman. UN Secretary General. 1962-71. Cuban Missile Crisis. Congo. Cyprus. Six Day War.

Three Kingdoms. 220-280. Wei, Wu, Shu Han division of China between Han, Chin dynasties.

Tiw. One-handed Germanic god of war.

Togo. 17-19C Slave trade. 1884 German protectorate = Togoland. 1920 British(W)/ French(E) League of Nations mandate. 1957 British Togo +Gold Coast = Independent Ghana. 1960 French Togo independent = Togo.

Transcendentalism. 1835-55. US philosophy. Man’s divinity and goodness. Insight over logic. Opposed to authority. Thoreau. Emerson. Channing.

Trasimeno, Battle. 217BC Victory of Hannibal over Romans.

Ts’ao Chan. c1715-63. Chinese novelist. Dream of Red Mansions 1742-63.

Tudor Architecture. c16C. English late Gothic style. Timber frame construction. Renaissance influenced decoration. Elizabethan.

Turin, Treaty. 1860. Nice, Savoy ceded to France by Piedmont, in exchange for Lomabardy.

Tyche. Greek goddess of chance. =Fortuna.

U Thant. 1909-74. Burmese United Nations Secretary General 1961-7.

Val-de-Grace. Paris. 1645-1667. Built by Anne of Austria to thank God for birth of Louis XIV after 23 childless years of marriage. Mansart.

Valdemar IV. Atterdag. 1320-75. Danish king 1340-. Re-united Denmark. Opposed Hanseatic League. Sold Estonia to Teutonic Knights.

Vassal. Feudal holder of a fief in exchange for services.

Vaughan Williams, Ralph. 1872-1958. English Nationalist composer of symphonies, ballads, songs. Combined folk idiom with 16C polyphony. Sea 1910. Pastoral Symphony 1922.

Verlaine, Paul. 1844-96. French pre-Symbolist lyric poet. Parnasse Contemporain 1866. Bonne Chanson 1870.

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