Hobbes, Thomas. 1588-1679. English Materialist Determinist philosopher. Nominalist. Royalist. Good is that which brings pleasure; evil, pain. Mind is the result of physical activity in the brain. Elements of Law 1640. Leviathan 1651.

Hofmann, Hans. 1880-1966. German/US improvising painter. Influenced Abstract Expressionism.

Holbein, Hans, the Elder. 1465-1524. German painter. Altar pieces. Rich color, balance.

Holbein, Hans, the Younger. 1497-1543. German/English Realist portrait painter. St. Mary 1525. Danse Macabre 1526. Henry VIII 1540.

Humperdinck, Engelbert. 1854-1921. German composer. Hansel and Gretel 1893.

Hungarian Uprising. 1703-11. Ferenc Rákóczi II led vs Hapsburg centralism. No real change achieved. 1956. Student-led revolt crushed by Russian troops. Kádár puppet government established. Nagy executed.

I Ching. 12C BC. Supplement 475BC. Chinese Book of Changes. 64 hexagrams used for divination. Early ethics, philosophy text.

Idealism. Artistic school of thought holding the aesthetic ideal more important than the representation of the subject. vs Realism.

Il-Khan. 1256-1353. Mongol dynasty in Persia.

Incunabula. Books printed before 1500. Caxton. Gutenberg.

India. North: c2500BC Indus valley civilization. c2000BC Aryans invade. 6C Achaemenid. 5C Persia. 326 Alexander(NW). c300 Maurya Empire. 2C BC Greek, Parthian, Kushan invade. 1C AD Kushan. c320 Gupta Empire. 6C Divided. 5-15C Huns, Arabs, Persians invade 12C Moslem. 1526 Mogul. South: 3000BC Dravidian civilization. 12-13C Rashtrakutas, Cholas. 14C Moslem inv. 15C Vijayanagar Empire. 1498 daGama discovers sea route. 18C British East India Co. 1858 British Empire. 1947 Independent. 1950 Republic.

International Monetary Fund. IMF.1944. Bretton Woods. Lends money to balance foreign exchange deficits and stabilize exchange rates.

Io. Greek lover of Zeus, changed to cow by Hera. =Isis.

Jacob. Old Testament. 3rd patriarch of 12 tribes of Israel. Grandson of Abraham. Son of Isaac. God changed name to Israel.

Jagatai. -1242. Mongol conqueror. Son of Genghis Khan.

Jeffreys of Wem, Baron. 1645-89. Bloody Assizes judge. Extortion, corruption. Lord Chancellor 1685-8.

Jibril. Islamic archangel. God’s messenger to Muhammad. = Gabriel.

Johanan ben Zakkai. 1C Pharisee. Founder of Jabne Academy, 70. Foundations of Rabbinic and Talmudic Judaism.

John Paul II. 1920-. Poland. Authoritarian conservative pope 1978-. Wounded 1981 by Islamic fanatic. Most trips. More canonization than previous popes combined.

Jorgensen, Christine. 1926-89. First m-f sex change patient, 1952.

Joule, James. 1818-89. English physicist. Mechanics of energy. Law of Conservation of Energy. Energy unit, 1843.

Julian Calendar. 45BC-1582. Julius Caesar’s 90 day correction to calendar. Changed to 365.25 day year. Corrected by Gregory. Christian Era.

Kao Tsu. 256-195BC. Chinese Emperor 202-. Established Han dynasty.

Karakhan Manifesto. 1919. USSR renounces Czarist rights in China. Spurs Chinese Communist Party.

Kepler, Johannes. 1571-1630. German astronomer, deduced elliptical planetary motions 1609. Explained tides 1598.

173 more results ...