Fust, Johann. 1400-66. German partner of Gutenburg.

Gabriel. Archangel. God’s messenger. Made Annunciation to Mary, and revealed Koran to Muhammad.

Galle, Johann. 1812-1910. German. Discovered Neptune 1846.

Gandamak, Treaty. 1879. British pay Afghans and occupy Khyber Pass.

Gandhi, Mohandas. 1869-1948. Indian patriot and non-violent philosopher. Home Rule. Opposed Partition. Assassinated.

Geiger, Hans. 1882-1945. Invented geiger counter, 1928, with Müller.

Genghis Khan. c1160-1227. Founder of the Mongol Empire. Black Sea to Pacific.

George I. 1660-1727. King of Great Britain and Ireland 1714-. First Hanover. Utrecht Peace. South Sea Bubble.

German Movement. 18C Nationalist cultural movement. Lessing, Goethe, Schiller.

Ghana. 1957 Gold Coast + British Togoland =Ghana. 1960 Republic. 1981 Dictator.

Ghana, Ancient. Trading empire c300-1200. ≈southeast Mauritania + west Mali.

Ghaznavid. 977-1186. Turkish dynasty in Iran, Afghanistan, India.

Gobelins Tapestry Works. 1440. Established by Jehan Gobelin. Colbert reorganized 1662. Louis XIV sumptuous style. Le Brun. Versailles interiors.

Goethe, Johann. 1749-1832. German writer: Meister’s Apprenticeship 1796. Faust 1808-32. Memories 1809. Sturm und Drang.

Gold Coast. 1481 Portugal. 1642 Dutch. 1874 Britain. 1957 Independent +British Togoland = Ghana.

Gothic Architecture. 12-15C. Began with French cathedrals and spread over N Europe. Pointed arches, rib vaulting, flying buttresses. Stability achieved with balance rather than mass. Airy lightness. St. Denis 1140. Notre Dame Cathedral. Tudor.

Gothic Art. 13C-. Church sculpture, illuminated manuscripts. Less idealized than Classical. Emotions portrayed.

Greco-Turkish War. 1897. Greece fails to annex Crete. 1920-22. Greece loses Thrace. Exchange of minorities.

Green Mountain Boys. 1770. Ethan Allen’s Vermont militia in American Revolution.

Gregory I, St. Benedictine Pope 590-604. Developed Plainsong, Gregorian chant. Sent Augustine to Canterbury.

Gresham, Thomas. 1519-79. English founder of Stock Exchange 1560. Gresham’s Law-“Bad money drives out good” (mistakenly attributed).

Guilds. 11C-. Associations of merchants and craftsmen creating monopolistic protection.

Gutenberg, Johannes. 1400-68. German printer, inventor of movable type.

Hagar. Sarah, Abraham’s wife’s handmaid. Mother of Ishmael.

Hale, Nathan. 1755-76. American Revolutionary spy. Executed by British -“I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”.

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