Channel Islands. 911 Norman. 1066 England. Autonomous British crown possession.

Channel Tunnel. Mathieu conceived the idea in 1802. Begun 1880s. French-English agreements to proceed, 1964, 1985. Opened 1994.

Chanson de Roland. 12C French epic poem. Roncesvalles. Roland.

Chantrey, Francis. 1781-1841. British sculptor.

Château Clique. Small merchant group dominated government of Lower Canada to 1830s.

Chesterton, G.K. 1874-1936. English satirical essayist/novelist: Napoleon of Notting Hill 1904. “Socialism aims to take capital out of the hands of the few and put it into the hands of the fewer-the politicians.”

China. T’ang(leg). Yü (leg). c1994BC Hsia. c1500 Shang. c1027 Chou. 481 Warring States. 221 Ch’in. 202BC Han. 220 AD Three Kingdoms. 265 Chin. 386 Northern Dyn(N)/420 Southern Dyn(S). 581 Sui rebuild. 618 T’ang. 10C Five dyn/Ten kingdoms. 960 Sung. 1279 Yüan (Mongol). 1368 Ming. 1644 Ch’ing (Manchu). 1912 Republic. 1938-44 Japanese occupation. 1949 People’s Republic.

Cinque Ports. 1067-1608. Association of English Channel ports to defend England.

Circe. Wizardess. Changed Odysseus’ men into animals.

Clocks. 3500BC Gnomon. 2000BC Chinese. 8C BC sundial 4C BC Greek water clock. 300BC hemispherical sundial 160BC Rome. 12C mechanical. 1379 de Vick. 1657 Huygens pendulum.

Coleridge, Samuel. 1772-1834. English Romantic poet: Ancient Mariner 1798, Kubla Khan.

Common Law. Based on precedents derived from reason rather than a code of statutes. Originally English.

Comunero. 1520-1. Spanish Republican rebellion. Crushed, but effected policy changes.

Conciliarism. 12C-. General Council has greater power than pope. Popular during Great Schism.

Constantinople, Fall of. 1453. Mehmed II. Name changed.

Coster, Laurens. 1370-c1440. Dutch inv of moveable type, perhaps before Gutenberg.

Cotte, Robert de. 1656-1735. Architect. Chancel of Notre-Dame, Esplanade, Versailles.

Curragh Incident. 1914. 57 British army officers resign rather than fight Ulstermen.

Dardanelles. Mediterranean-Black Sea channel. = Hellespont. Gallipoli. Bosphorus.

Day, Benjamin. 1810-89. US founder New York Sun 1833. Brother Jonathan 1842.

Decadents. 19C. Writers who believed art should be above conventional morality. Mallarmé. Wilde. Verlaine.

Delhi Pact. 1931. Civil disobedience in India ceased in exchange for prisoner release. 1950. India, Pakistan restore rights, freedom of movement for refugees.

Deogaon, Treaty. 1803. Marathans cedes land, power to British East India Co.

DesPrés, Josquin. c1440-c1521. Franco-Flemish contrapuntal composer. Motets, chansons.

Détente. 1969-79. Relaxation of Cold War tensions between SALT and Afghanistan Invasion.

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