Casement, Roger. 1864-1916. Irish. Enlisted German aid for Irish Independence during WWI. Executed.

Ceausescu, Nicolae. 1918-89. Repressive Romanian dictator, 1965-. Advocated independence from USSR and western ties. Economic policy led to food, energy shortages. Overthrown and executed.

Continental Congress. 1774-89. US Government until Constitution approved. Proclaimed Declaration of Independence.

Declaration of Independence. July 4, 1776. American colonies declare independence from British rule during War of Independence.

Dinh Bo Linh. -979. Emperor, reunified Vietnam, gained independence from China.

Durham Report. 1839. Advocated colonial independence from Britain, BNA Act.

Ferdinand. 1861-1948. Crown prince 1887-, First czar of Bulgaria 1908-18. Fought Ottomans. Gained independence.

Finnish War of Independence. 1918. Anti-communists defeat Bolsheviks with German aid.

Gallicanism. 13-19C. French Catholic independence from papal authority. Conciliarism vs Ultramontanism.

Goliad Massacre. 1836. 350 Texan prisoners by Mexico in War for Independence.

Grattan, Henry. 1746-1820. Irish independence leader. Irish Parliament 1782. Poyning’s Law repeal movement.

Hancock, John. 1737-93. American revolutionary. First signer of Declaration of Independence.

Home Rule Movement, Irish. 1870-c1920. For independence from Britain.

Iguala, Plan de. 1821. Stated 3 objectives of Mexican Independence movement. Ignored by issuer, Iturbide, when he became Emperor.

Independence Day. Annual US holiday since July 4, 1776. Declaration of Independence.

India-Pakistan Wars. 1949. Splits Kashmir. 1965. India gains most of Rann of Kutch. 1971. Bangladesh Independence.

Indian Independence Act. 1947. Freed and partitioned India/Pakistan.

Irish Home Rule. 1880-1920. Movement for Irish independence from Britain. Home rule granted 1920...Irish Free State.

Iturbide, Augustin de. 1783-1824. Emperor of Mexico 1822-3. Led Mexican independence movement. Exiled.

Jefferson, Thomas. 1743-1826. US President 1801-9. Drafted Declaration of Independence. Louisiana Purchase.

John VI. 1769-1826. King of Portugal 1816-. Brazil independence.

Károlyi, Mihály. 1875-1955. Hungarian. Sought independence from Austria. President 1919.

Lavalleja, Juan. 1784-1853. Uruguay revolutionary. Led 33 Immortals. Independence from Brazil.

Le. 1428-1788. Annam dynasty in Vietnam. Gained independence from China.

Liberty Bell. 1753. Independence Hall, Philadelphia. Cracked 1835.

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