Silk Route. Trade route from Rome to China. Followed by Marco Polo.

Sino-Japanese War. 1937-45. Japanese invade China. WWII.

Spode, Josiah. 1754-1829. British discoverer of bone china 1794.

Taiwan. Indonesians. 1590 Portugal discovers = Formosa. 17C Dutch/Spanish settle. 1662 Chinese settle, expel Europeans. 1895 Japan. 1945 China. 1949 Independent as Republic of China. 1971 United Nations gives Taiwan’s seat to People’s Republic of China.

Tea. c2700BC China. 6C Europe. 1657 England.

Three Kingdoms. 220-280. Wei, Wu, Shu Han division of China between Han, Chin dynasties.

Tibet. 7C-838 Buddhist kingdom. 9C Divided. 1247 Mongol. 14C Yellow Hats established. 1642 5th Dalai Lama becomes ruler. 1715 Chinese suzerainty. 1792 Closed to foreigners. 1951 Autonomous within China. 1959 China crushes revolt. 1987~9 Riots vs Chinese rule.

Tientsin Massacre. 1870. 20 French killed. China apologizes. End of China/Western co-operation.

Treaty Ports. Japan, China forced by west to open ports to foreign trade. Opium Wars.

Tsingtao. (Kiaochow). Strategic Chinese port. 1898 German. 1914 Japan. 1922 China. 1938-45 Japanese occupy.

Twenty-One Demands. 1915. China submits to Japanese threats. Japan controls Manchuria, Mongolia and have access to ports and islands.

Tz’u-hsi. 1835-1908. Dowager empress of China 1861-. Regent for T’ung-chi. Resisted reforms. Boxer Rebellion.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1948. United Nations list of rights to be accorded people by their governments. Rejected by USSR, China, Poland, Yugoslavia, Ukraine, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, many Moslem countries. Signed by Russia, 1996.

Vietnam. Annam. 209BC Nam Vet kingdom. 111BC China. 2C Funan, 939 Independent. Khmer, Cham, Mongol invasions repelled. 1407 Ming. 1867 France (S). 1883 Tonkin, Annam French protectorates(N). 1940 Japanese occupy. 1945 Independent. 1946-54 French Indochina War. 1954 Communist Democratic Republic (N). 1955 Republic (S). 1962 Vietnam War. 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam 1987 Economic liberalization. 1995 US recognition.

Vietnam War. 1946-54. =Indo China War. 1962-75. Democratic South Vietnam falls to Communists despite US aid to 1973.

Wang Ching-wei. 1883-1944. Chiang Kai-shek rival. Governor of Japanese China 1938-44.

Warlords. 1916-49. China generals seized local power on Yüan Shih-K’ai’s death. Last eliminated by communists.

Warring States. 481-221BC. Chinese period of many small feuding kingdoms.

Wei. 220-80. Southern China dynasty. Conquered Shu Han 264, Wu 280.

White Lotus Rebellion. 1796-1804. China. Buddhists vs Manchu. Suppressed. Showed Ch’ing decline.

Wu P’ei-fu. 1873-1939. Warlord. Fought, failed to unify China 1916-26.

Yezhovshchina. 1936-8. Stalin’s Purge led by NKVD chief Yezhovshchina.