Ptolemy I Suter. c366-283BC. Ruled Egypt 323-; king 305-. General of Alexander the Great.

Pyrrhus. 319-272BC. King of Epirus. Defeated Romans at Heraclea and Ausculum at great cost (Pyrrhic Victory). Memoirs.

Qu Yuan. c277BC. First great Chinese poet.

Rachmaninov, Sergei. 1873-1943. Russian/US pianist, composer. Romantic nostalgic works of great virtuosity. Prelude 1892.

Ramses II. The Great. Pharaoh of Egypt 1304-1237BC. Built temples. Age of prosperity.

Roxana. -c311BC. Wife of Alexander the Great. Executed after his death.

Russia. 9C Slavs, Rus invade. 862-1598 Rurik dynasty. 1240 Mongol Empire of Golden Horde. 1462 Ivan the Great. 16C Unified. 1613 Romanov dynasty. 1917 Communist. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1991 Russian Federation. CIS.

Schism, Great. 1054 East-West Schism. 1378 Great Schism.

Scotland. c4000BC Inhabited. c1800BC Beaker people. c300BC Celts (Picts). Caledonia. c500 AD Scots (Celts from Ireland) settle. 832 MacAlpin unifies. 945 + Cumbria + Strathclyde. c1016 + Lothian. 1328 Independence acknowledged by England. 1603 James VI becomes James I of England. 1707 Great Britain. 1801 United Kingdom.

Seleucids. 312-64BC. Hellenistic kingdom founded by Alexander’s general, Seleucus. Syria, Persia, Mesopotamia.

Shih Huang-ti. c259-210BC. Emperor 246-. Unified China. Great Wall. Burning of Books 213.

Shipton, Mother. 1488-1561. Predicted 1666 Great Fire of London.

Sigismund. 1368-1437. King of Hungary 1387-, Germans 1411-, Lombardy 1431-, HRE 1433-. Helped end Schism. Executed Huss.

Smoot-Hawley Act. 1930-37. US tarrifs begin trade war, deepening Depression.

Spiritualists, Greater World. 1931. Christian sect communicating with the dead.

Ssu-ma Ch’ien. 145-85BC. First great Chinese historian.

St Lawrence Seaway. Links Great Lakes with Atlantic shipping. 1952 Begun. 1959 Open.

Stanislaw II. 1732-98. Last king of Poland 1764-95. Installed by his lover Catherine II.

Supreme Privy Council. 1726-30. Effectively ruled Russia after Peter the Great’s death without heir.

Swabia. Celt. 1C Suevi. 3C +Alemanni =Swabians. c500 Franks. 1079 Hohenstaufen dynasty. 1286 Divided. 1488-1534 Swabian League.

Swabian League, Great. 1488-1534. 22 cities, nobles and local leagues in southern Germany form protective alliance.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

Tajikistan. 3C BC Persian Empire. 711 Moslem. 1860 Russia. 1924 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Thaïs. 4C BC. Athenian mistress of Alexander the Great.

Thebes. 1500-335BC Boeotian Greek city razed by Alexander the Great. Oedipus.

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