Mesopotamia. 5000BC. Tigris-Euphrates river plain where civilization began. 550BC Persia. 331BC Alexander. 115 Rome. 637 Moslem. 13C Mongol. 1534 Ottoman. Babylon. Akkad. Ur. Iraq.

National Recovery Organization. 1933. US. For business recovery during Great Depression.

Nearchus. -312BC. Macedonian general under Alexander.

New Deal. 1933-9. Roosevelt’s economic policy vs Depression. TVA, CWA, WPA.

Northern War, Great. 1700-21. Sweden vs Russia and allies. Ends Sweden’s power, begins Russia’s.

Nystad, Treaty. 1721. Russia/Sweden. Russia gains window on Baltic. Ends Great Northern War.

Odoacer. c435-93. German who deposed Romulus Augustus 476. Assassinated by Theodoric.

Ojibwa. (Chippewa). North American Indians near Great Lakes. Supported French vs British in 7 Years War, British vs Americans in Revolution.

Olympias. c175-316BC. Wife of Philip of Macedonia. Mother of Alexander the Great.

Orlov, Grigory, Count. 1734-83. Russian lover of Catherine II; led coup vs Peter III. Advocated liberating Christians from Ottoman rule.

Ottawa Conference. 1932. British Empire creates Imperial Preference during Depression.

Otto I. The Great. 912-73. King of Germany, 936-. Founded Holy Roman Empire, 962. Deposed Pope John XII.

Pakistan. 25C BC Indus civilization. 15C BC Aryan. 6C Achaemenid. 326 Alexander. 4C BC Maurya Empire. c50 AD Kushan. 4C Gupta. 5C Hun. 8C Moslem. 11C Turks. 1206 Delhi Sultanate. 1526 Mogul. 1780 Sikh. 1840 British India. 1947 Independent. 1956 Islamic Republic. 1971 -Bangladesh.

Paphlagonia. Lydia. Persia. 333BC Alexander. 2C BC Pontus. 65BC Rome.

Paracelsus. 1493-1541. Swiss alchemist, physician. Chemical drugs. Named zinc. Practica 1529. Hypnotism. Great Surgery Book 1536.

Peter I. The Great. 1672-1725. Czar of Russia. Created navy. Defeated Sweden 1709. Founded St. Petersburg.

Peter III. 1728-62. Czar 1762. Overthrown by wife Catherine the Great.

Pharaoh. Egyptian king’s title. =“great house”. Physical embodiment of god Ra.

Philip II. 382-336BC. General: unified Macedonia. Alexander’s father.

Photius. c820-91. Patriarch of Constantinople 858~86. Began Great Schism controversy.

Pisa, Council. 1409. Elected Alexander V as third pope in failed attempt to end Great Schism.

Pitt, William, the Elder. 1708-78. English statesman, Prime Minister 1756~68. Pursued Seven Years War. “The Great Commoner”.

Pobedonostev, Konstantin. 1827-1907. Russian. professor, tutor to Alexander III, Nicholas II. Pro-autocracy. “Parliaments are the great lie of our time.”

Poltava, Battle. 1709. Russia defeats Swedish invasion, becomes a power. Northern War.

Pont Notre-Dame. Originally the Great Bridge in Roman Paris. Rebuilt in 1413 by Normans. First numbered houses in Paris.

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